English word origin

Etymology of chud

Compare chew, cud.

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗

verb

To champ; to bite.

noun

Chewing gum.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Compare chew, cud.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗

noun

A cannibalistic humanoid underground dweller. · A gross, physically unappealing person. · A person who holds reactionary political views. · An unlikable, useless, or antisocial person.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Cariban *kariponader. Spanish caribeder. Spanish caríbalder. Spanish caníbalbor. English cannibal Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ik English -ic English -istic English cannibalistic Latin hūmānuslbor. Old French umain Middle French humainbor. Middle English humayne English human Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o- Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *wéydos Proto-Hellenic *wéidos Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Proto-Hellenic *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs) Latin -oīdēslbor. English -oid English humanoid Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Proto-Indo-European *-tér Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér Proto-Indo-European *h₂én Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-? Proto-Indo-European *-dʰi ? Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí Proto-Indo-European *-ér Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér Proto-Germanic *under Proto-West Germanic *undar Old English under Middle English under Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Germanic *grunduz Proto-West Germanic *grundu Old English grund Middle English grounde Middle English undergrounde English underground Proto-Indo-European *dʰwel-der. Proto-Germanic *dwalaz Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną Proto-West Germanic *dwalljan Old English dwellan ▲ Old Norse dveljainflu. Middle English dwellen Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós Proto-Italic *-āsijos Proto-Italic *-āsios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere Middle English dweller English dweller English dwellers English C.H.U.D. English chud From the science fiction horror movie C.H.U.D. (1984), standing for “cannibalistic humanoid underground dwellers”. The slang derivative of this term was coined by the hosts of the Chapo Trap House podcast and popularized on its subreddit, r/chapotraphouse, as well as on the Bernie Sanders campaign movement's Twitter community. The term reached the youth mainstream via incel jargon, its use as a self-description coming from flame wars against right-wing users of the /pol/ board on 4chan (personified by the Chudjak/"le /pol/ face" meme).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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\"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"underground\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"inhabitants\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"inhabitant\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"live\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"mislead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"dwell\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"dwell\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"confused\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰwel-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*dwalaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*dwaljaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*dwalljan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"dwellan\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"delay\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"dvelja\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"dwellen\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"agentive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārijaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"dweller\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"live\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"live\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"enm\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ang:dwellan<id:mislead>\", \"4\" : \":influence\", \"5\" : \"non:dvelja<id:delay>\", \"id\" : \"live\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"dwellen\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dwell\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"enm\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ang:-ere<id:agent suffix>\", \"id\" : \"agent suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agentive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":nom\", \"3\" : \"-ārius<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"title\" : \"-ārius\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dweller\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dwellers\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"chud\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"person\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"chud\" id=\"English:_person\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "en:<alt:C.H.U.D.><ety:af<cannibalistic<id:eating>><humanoid<id:anthropomorphic>><underground<id:subterranean>><dwellers<id:inhabitants>>>",
        "id": "person",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Cariban *kariponader.\nSpanish caribeder.\nSpanish caríbalder.\nSpanish caníbalbor.\nEnglish cannibal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -istic\nEnglish cannibalistic\nLatin hūmānuslbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nAncient Greek -ο- (-o-)der.\nLatin -o-\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *wéydos\nProto-Hellenic *wéidos\nAncient Greek εἶδος (eîdos)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs)\nLatin -oīdēslbor.\nEnglish -oid\nEnglish humanoid\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁entér\nProto-Indo-European *h₂én\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰi\n?\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí\nProto-Indo-European *-ér\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér\nProto-Germanic *under\nProto-West Germanic *undar\nOld English under\nMiddle English under\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nProto-West Germanic *grundu\nOld English grund\nMiddle English grounde\nMiddle English undergrounde\nEnglish underground\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwel-der.\nProto-Germanic *dwalaz\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nProto-Germanic *dwaljaną\nProto-West Germanic *dwalljan\nOld English dwellan\n▲\nOld Norse dveljainflu.\nMiddle English dwellen\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nMiddle English dweller\nEnglish dweller\nEnglish dwellers\nEnglish C.H.U.D.\nEnglish chud"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*karipona",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/karipona#Proto-Cariban:_person"
    ],
    [
      "caribe",
      "caribe#Spanish:_Cariban"
    ],
    [
      "caríbal",
      "caríbal#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "caníbal",
      "caníbal#Spanish:_cannibal"
    ],
    [
      "cannibal",
      "cannibal#English"
    ],
    [
      "*-id-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-id-"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-idyéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-idyéti"
    ],
    [
      "*-íd͏̌d͏̌ō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-íd͏̌d͏̌ō"
    ],
    [
      "-ῐ́ζω",
      "-ίζω#Ancient_Greek:_verbal"
    ],
    [
      "*-tās",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-tās#Proto-Hellenic:_agent_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "-τής",
      "-τής#Ancient_Greek:_agent_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "-ῐστής",
      "-ιστής#Ancient_Greek:_agent_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "-ista",
      "-ista#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-iste",
      "-iste#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "-ist",
      "-ist#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ist",
      "-ist#English:_person"
    ],
    [
      "*-ikos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ikos"
    ],
    [
      "*-ikos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ikos#Proto-Italic:_-ic"
    ],
    [
      "-icus",
      "-icus#Latin:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ique",
      "-ique#Old_French:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ik",
      "-ik#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ic",
      "-ic#English:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-istic",
      "-istic#English"
    ],
    [
      "cannibalistic",
      "cannibalistic#English:_eating"
    ],
    [
      "hūmānus",
      "humanus#Latin:_human"
    ],
    [
      "umain",
      "umain#Old_French:_human"
    ],
    [
      "humain",
      "humain#Middle_French:_human"
    ],
    [
      "humayne",
      "humayne#Middle_English:_human"
    ],
    [
      "human",
      "human#English:_person"
    ],
    [
      "-ο-",
      "-ο-#Ancient_Greek:_connective"
    ],
    [
      "-o-",
      "-o-#Latin:_connective"
    ],
    [
      "*weyd-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyd-#Proto-Indo-European:_see"
    ],
    [
      "*-os",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
    ],
    [
      "*wéydos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéydos#Proto-Indo-European:_seeing"
    ],
    [
      "*wéidos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/wéidos"
    ],
    [
      "εἶδος",
      "εἶδος#Ancient_Greek:_form"
    ],
    [
      "*-os",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
    ],
    [
      "*-ēs",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ēs#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ης",
      "-ης#Ancient_Greek:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ειδής",
      "-ειδής#Ancient_Greek:_adjectival"
    ],
    [
      "-oīdēs",
      "-oides#Latin:_-oid"
    ],
    [
      "-oid",
      "-oid#English:_resembling"
    ],
    [
      "humanoid",
      "humanoid#English:_anthropomorphic"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁én",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én#Proto-Indo-European:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*-tér",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tér"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁entér",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁entér"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂én",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂én"
    ],
    [
      "*dʰeh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_do"
    ],
    [
      "*-dʰi",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰi"
    ],
    [
      "*(H)n̥dʰí",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)n̥dʰí"
    ],
    [
      "*-ér",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-er"
    ],
    [
      "*(H)n̥dʰér",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)n̥dʰér"
    ],
    [
      "*under",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/under"
    ],
    [
      "*undar",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/undar"
    ],
    [
      "under",
      "under#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "under",
      "under#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰrem-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰrem-#Proto-Indo-European:_rumble"
    ],
    [
      "*-tus",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus"
    ],
    [
      "*grunduz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grunduz"
    ],
    [
      "*grundu",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grundu#Proto-West_Germanic:_ground"
    ],
    [
      "grund",
      "grund#Old_English:_ground"
    ],
    [
      "grounde",
      "ground#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "undergrounde",
      "undergrounde#Middle_English:_underground"
    ],
    [
      "underground",
      "underground#English:_subterranean"
    ],
    [
      "*dʰwel-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰwel-"
    ],
    [
      "*dwalaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwalaz#Proto-Germanic:_confused"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-janą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-janą#Proto-Germanic:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "*dwaljaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwaljaną#Proto-Germanic:_dwell"
    ],
    [
      "*dwalljan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dwalljan#Proto-West_Germanic:_dwell"
    ],
    [
      "dwellan",
      "dwellan#Old_English:_mislead"
    ],
    [
      "dvelja",
      "dvelja#Old_Norse:_delay"
    ],
    [
      "dwellen",
      "dwellen#Middle_English:_live"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
    ],
    [
      "*-os",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
    ],
    [
      "*-yós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "*-āsios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
    ],
    [
      "*-ārijaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz#Proto-Germanic:_noun"
    ],
    [
      "*-ārī",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ārī#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ere",
      "-ere#Old_English:_agent_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ere",
      "-ere#Middle_English:_agentive"
    ],
    [
      "dweller",
      "dweller#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "dweller",
      "dweller#English:_inhabitant"
    ],
    [
      "dwellers",
      "dwellers#English:_inhabitants"
    ],
    [
      "incel",
      "incel"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A cannibalistic humanoid underground dweller.",
        "A gross, physically unappealing person.",
        "A person who holds reactionary political views.",
        "An unlikable, useless, or antisocial person."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "slang",
        "Internet",
        "derogatory",
        "also",
        "attributive"
      ],
      "recordId": "ffefa1a2e670cc3323724b9c28e43ee4d79a0ef8d8b74803c18e967fb566bb41",
      "rawRecordSha256": "2fc4fb6721f55633398eb932db163b49daa5c1ff84546a4309e39457f910982e",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 4283125
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗

contraction

I could

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From ch- + could, from ich + could.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Word-formation componentch-en
Word-formation componentcoulden
Word-formation componentichen

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "could"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "af",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ch-",
        "3": "could"
      },
      "expansion": "ch- + could"
    },
    {
      "name": "af",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ich",
        "3": "could"
      },
      "expansion": "ich + could"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "could"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "ch-",
      "ch-#English"
    ],
    [
      "could",
      "could#English"
    ],
    [
      "ich",
      "ich#English"
    ],
    [
      "could",
      "could#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "contraction",
      "glosses": [
        "I could"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "West-Country",
        "contraction",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "6bfe92a94e1c356c1c31c915c75aa60b38d751bad817f2e8c5c47c3497a47db3",
      "rawRecordSha256": "3a9d9890e42d546cd18f3d7a6f31d0dd8fc2f442dceda20f0d3c74780682f9f9",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 4283126
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for chud →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-Y2h1ZA