Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAn outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other simple structures. · An organised event, often taking place in tents or temporary accommodation. · A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary. · A place of politically motivated confinement in outdoorsy conditions, usually also leading to slave labor and death.
From Middle English kampe (“battlefield, open space”), from Old English camp (“battle, contest, battlefield, open space”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamp (“open field where military exercises are held, level plain”), from Latin campus (“open field, level plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend; crooked”). Reinforced circa 1520 by Middle French can, camp (“place where an army lodges temporarily”), from Old Northern French camp, from the same Latin (whence also French champ from Old French). Cognate with Old High German champf (“battle, struggle”) (German Kampf), Old Norse kapp (“battle”), Old High German hamf (“paralysed, maimed, mutilated”). Doublet of campus and champ. The verb is from Middle English campen, from Old English campian, compian (“to fight, war against”), from Proto-West Germanic *kampōn (“to fight, do battle”), from *kamp (“field, battlefield, battle”), see above. Cognate with Dutch kampen, German kämpfen (“to struggle”), Danish kæmpe, Swedish kämpa.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*kh₂em-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionkampeenm
- Inherited-form mentioncampang
- Inherited-form mention*kampgmw-pro
- Derivation mentioncampusla
- Derivation mention*kh₂em-ine-pro · to bend; crooked
- Derivation mentioncan, campfrm
- Cognate mentionchampfr
- Cognate mentionchampfgoh
- Cognate mentionKampfde
- Cognate mentionkappnon
- Cognate mentionhamfgoh
- Doublet mentioncampusen
- Doublet mentionchampen
- Inherited-form mentioncampenenm
- Inherited-form mentioncampian, compianang
- Inherited-form mention*kampōngmw-pro
- Cognate mentionkampennl
- Cognate mentionkämpfende
- Cognate mentionkæmpeda
- Cognate mentionkämpasv
This page abbreviates 12 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂em-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kampe",
"4": "",
"5": "battlefield, open space"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kampe (“battlefield, open space”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "camp",
"4": "",
"5": "battle, contest, battlefield, open space"
},
"expansion": "Old English camp (“battle, contest, battlefield, open space”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kamp",
"4": "",
"5": "open field where military exercises are held, level plain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kamp (“open field where military exercises are held, level plain”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "campus",
"4": "",
"5": "open field, level plain"
},
"expansion": "Latin campus (“open field, level plain”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂em-",
"4": "*kh₂emp-",
"t": "to bend; crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend; crooked”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "can, camp",
"4": "",
"5": "place where an army lodges temporarily"
},
"expansion": "Middle French can, camp (“place where an army lodges temporarily”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "camp"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French camp"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "champ"
},
"expansion": "French champ"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "champf",
"3": "",
"4": "battle, struggle"
},
"expansion": "Old High German champf (“battle, struggle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kampf"
},
"expansion": "German Kampf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kapp",
"3": "",
"4": "battle"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kapp (“battle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hamf",
"3": "",
"4": "paralysed, maimed, mutilated"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hamf (“paralysed, maimed, mutilated”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "campus",
"3": "champ"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of campus and champ"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "campen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English campen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "campian, compian",
"4": "",
"5": "to fight, war against"
},
"expansion": "Old English campian, compian (“to fight, war against”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kampōn",
"4": "",
"5": "to fight, do battle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kampōn (“to fight, do battle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kampen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kampen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kämpfen",
"3": "",
"4": "to struggle"
},
"expansion": "German kämpfen (“to struggle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kæmpe"
},
"expansion": "Danish kæmpe"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kämpa"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kämpa"
}
],
"links": [
[
"kampe",
"kampe#Middle_English"
],
[
"camp",
"camp#Old_English"
],
[
"*kamp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kamp"
],
[
"campus",
"campus#Latin"
],
[
"*kh₂emp-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kh₂em-"
],
[
"can",
"can#Middle_French"
],
[
"camp",
"camp#Middle_French"
],
[
"camp",
"camp#Old_French"
],
[
"champ",
"champ#French"
],
[
"champf",
"champf#Old_High_German"
],
[
"Kampf",
"Kampf#German"
],
[
"kapp",
"kapp#Old_Norse"
],
[
"hamf",
"hamf#Old_High_German"
],
[
"campus",
"campus#English"
],
[
"champ",
"champ#English"
],
[
"campen",
"campen#Middle_English"
],
[
"campian",
"campian#Old_English"
],
[
"compian",
"compian#Old_English"
],
[
"*kampōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kampōn"
],
[
"*kamp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kamp"
],
[
"kampen",
"kampen#Dutch"
],
[
"kämpfen",
"kämpfen#German"
],
[
"kæmpe",
"kæmpe#Danish"
],
[
"kämpa",
"kämpa#Swedish"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Camp",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "campa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "キャンプ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kyanpu"
},
{
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"lang_code": "ks",
"word": "کَمپ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kamp"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "캠프",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kaempeu"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "kem",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"word": "قامپ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "kamp"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "campa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "campadh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "campo",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Taos",
"lang_code": "twf",
"word": "kòmpuʼúna",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "kambi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"word": "แคมป์",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kɛ́m"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other simple structures.",
"An organised event, often taking place in tents or temporary accommodation.",
"A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary.",
"A place of politically motivated confinement in outdoorsy conditions, usually also leading to slave labor and death."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "f3f54de68b17caf5ce1c04014ae17032e0f061debea465655382c8547c7f4b5d",
"rawRecordSha256": "60d32e7c1fbd08988cb2bf9f2f483331f7be0ddcb13b01751d1d5fc27768584f",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 205492
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 12,
"glosses": 0
}
}