Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo incur a charge of; to require payment of a (specified) price. · To cause something to be lost; to cause the expenditure or relinquishment of. · To require to be borne or suffered; to cause. · To cost (a person) a great deal of money or suffering.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *staējō Proto-Italic *staēō Proto-Italic *komstaēō Latin cōnstō Medieval Latin cōstō Old French costerbor. Middle English costen English cost Inherited from Middle English costen (verb), borrowed from Old French coster, from Medieval Latin cōstō, from Latin cōnstō, from Proto-Italic *komstaēō. By surface analysis, con- (“together”) + stō (“stand”).
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:costen<pos:v><ety:bor<fro:coster>>",
"id": "verb",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *staējō\nProto-Italic *staēō\nProto-Italic *komstaēō\nLatin cōnstō\nMedieval Latin cōstō\nOld French costerbor.\nMiddle English costen\nEnglish cost\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*staējō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stand\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*steh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₁ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yeti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₁yeti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sth₂éh₁yeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*staēō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*komstaēō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"together\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"with\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"itc-pro\", \"2\" : \":from\", \"3\" : \"*kom<id:with>\", \"id\" : \"with\", \"pos\" : \"prefix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"stand\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"stō\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cōnstō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"cōstō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"coster\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"costen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\", \"pos\" : \"v\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cost\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"verb\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cost\" id=\"English:_verb\">\nInherited from Middle English costen (verb), borrowed from Old French coster, from Medieval Latin cōstō, from Latin cōnstō, from Proto-Italic *komstaēō. By surface analysis, con- (“together”) + stō (“stand”)."
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:costen<pos:v><ety:bor<fro:coster>>",
"id": "verb",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *staējō\nProto-Italic *staēō\nProto-Italic *komstaēō\nLatin cōnstō\nMedieval Latin cōstō\nOld French costerbor.\nMiddle English costen\nEnglish cost\nInherited from Middle English costen (verb), borrowed from Old French coster, from Medieval Latin cōstō, from Latin cōnstō, from Proto-Italic *komstaēō. By surface analysis, con- (“together”) + stō (“stand”)."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ḱe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"*kom-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom-"
],
[
"*steh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-"
],
[
"*-éh₁ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₁ti"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti"
],
[
"*-éh₁yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₁yeti"
],
[
"*sth₂éh₁yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sth₂éh₁yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_stand"
],
[
"*staēō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/staēō"
],
[
"*komstaēō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/komstaēō"
],
[
"cōnstō",
"consto#Latin"
],
[
"cōstō",
"costo#Latin"
],
[
"coster",
"coster#Old_French"
],
[
"costen",
"costen#Middle_English"
],
[
"costen",
"costen#Middle_English"
],
[
"coster",
"coster#Old_French"
],
[
"cōstō",
"costo#Latin"
],
[
"cōnstō",
"consto#Latin"
],
[
"*komstaēō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/komstaēō"
],
[
"con-",
"con-#Latin"
],
[
"stō",
"sto#Latin"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To incur a charge of; to require payment of a (specified) price.",
"To cause something to be lost; to cause the expenditure or relinquishment of.",
"To require to be borne or suffered; to cause.",
"To cost (a person) a great deal of money or suffering."
],
"tags": [
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"transitive",
"colloquial"
],
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