Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryOf a mildly low temperature. · Allowing or suggesting heat relief. · Of a color, in the range of violet to green. · Not showing emotion; calm and in control of oneself.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gel-der. Proto-Indo-European *gól- Proto-Germanic *kalanąder. Proto-Germanic *kōluz Proto-West Germanic *kōl(ī) Old English cōl Middle English cool English cool From Middle English cool, from Old English cōl (“cool, cold, tranquil, calm”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōl(ī), from Proto-Germanic *kōluz (“cool”), from *kalaną (“to be cold, to freeze”), Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold, to freeze”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian kool, koul, kuul, kölj, kööl (“cold”), Saterland Frisian köil (“cool”), West Frisian koel (“cool”), Cimbrian khuul (“chilly, cool”), Dutch koel (“cool”), German kühl (“cool”), Low German köhl (“cool”), Luxembourgish kill (“cool”), Vilamovian kił (“cool”); also Latin gelū, gelum, gelus (“frost; chill, cold”), Belarusian хо́лад (xólad, “cold”), Bulgarian хлад (hlad, “chill, coolness”), Czech chlad (“cold”), Macedonian лад (lad, “shade; coolness”), Polish chłód (“cold”), Russian and Ukrainian хо́лод (xólod, “cold”), Serbo-Croatian хла̑д, hlȃd (“shade”), Sanskrit जड (jaḍa, “cold; stiff”), जल (jala, “water”). Related to cold.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncoolenm
- Inherited-form mentioncōlang · cool, cold, tranquil, calm
- Inherited-form mention*kōl(ī)gmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*kōluzgem-pro · cool
- Derivation mention*gel-ine-pro · to be cold, to freeze
- Cognate mentionkoolfrr
- Cognate mentionköilstq · cool
- Cognate mentionkoelfy · cool
- Cognate mentionkhuulcim · chilly, cool
- Cognate mentionkoelnl · cool
- Cognate mentionkühlde · cool
- Cognate mentionköhlnds · cool
- Cognate mentionkilllb · cool
- Cognate mentionkiłwym · cool
- Cognate mentiongelūla
- Cognate mentionхо́ладbe · cold
- Cognate mentionхладbg · chill, coolness
- Cognate mentionchladcs · cold
- Cognate mentionладmk · shade; coolness
- Cognate mentionchłódpl · cold
- Cognate mentionхла̑дsh
- Cognate mentionजडsa · cold; stiff
This page abbreviates 9 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cool<ety:inh<ang:cōl<id:cool>>>",
"id": "adj",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *gól-\nProto-Germanic *kalanąder.\nProto-Germanic *kōluz\nProto-West Germanic *kōl(ī)\nOld English cōl\nMiddle English cool\nEnglish cool\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gel-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gól-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kalaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kōluz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kōl(ī)\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cōl\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cool\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cool\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"adj\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cool\" id=\"English:_adj\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cool"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cool"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cōl",
"id": "cool",
"t": "cool, cold, tranquil, calm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cōl (“cool, cold, tranquil, calm”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kōl(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kōl(ī)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kōluz",
"t": "cool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kōluz (“cool”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"t": "to be cold, to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold, to freeze”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kool"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kool"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "köil",
"t": "cool"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian köil (“cool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "koel",
"t": "cool"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian koel (“cool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "khuul",
"t": "chilly, cool"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian khuul (“chilly, cool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "koel",
"t": "cool"
},
"expansion": "Dutch koel (“cool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kühl",
"t": "cool"
},
"expansion": "German kühl (“cool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "köhl",
"t": "cool"
},
"expansion": "Low German köhl (“cool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "kill",
"t": "cool"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish kill (“cool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "kił",
"t": "cool"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian kił (“cool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gelū"
},
"expansion": "Latin gelū"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "хо́лад",
"t": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian хо́лад (xólad, “cold”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "хлад",
"t": "chill, coolness"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian хлад (hlad, “chill, coolness”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "chlad",
"t": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Czech chlad (“cold”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "лад",
"t": "shade; coolness"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian лад (lad, “shade; coolness”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chłód",
"t": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Polish chłód (“cold”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru,uk",
"2": "хо́лод",
"t": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Russian and Ukrainian хо́лод (xólod, “cold”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "хла̑д"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian хла̑д"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जड",
"t": "cold; stiff"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit जड (jaḍa, “cold; stiff”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cool<ety:inh<ang:cōl<id:cool>>>",
"id": "adj",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *gól-\nProto-Germanic *kalanąder.\nProto-Germanic *kōluz\nProto-West Germanic *kōl(ī)\nOld English cōl\nMiddle English cool\nEnglish cool"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*gel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gel-"
],
[
"*gól-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gól-"
],
[
"*kalaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalaną"
],
[
"*kōluz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōluz"
],
[
"*kōl(ī)",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kōl(ī)"
],
[
"cōl",
"col#Old_English:_cool"
],
[
"cool",
"cool#Middle_English"
],
[
"cool",
"cool#Middle_English"
],
[
"cōl",
"col#Old_English:_cool"
],
[
"*kōl(ī)",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kōl(ī)"
],
[
"*kōluz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōluz"
],
[
"*kalaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalaną"
],
[
"*gel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gel-"
],
[
"kool",
"kool#North_Frisian"
],
[
"koul",
"koul#North_Frisian"
],
[
"kuul",
"kuul#North_Frisian"
],
[
"kölj",
"kölj#North_Frisian"
],
[
"kööl",
"kööl#North_Frisian"
],
[
"köil",
"köil#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"koel",
"koel#West_Frisian"
],
[
"khuul",
"khuul#Cimbrian"
],
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
],
[
"kühl",
"kühl#German"
],
[
"köhl",
"köhl#Low_German"
],
[
"kill",
"kill#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"kił",
"kił#Vilamovian"
],
[
"gelū",
"gelu#Latin"
],
[
"gelum",
"gelum#Latin"
],
[
"gelus",
"gelus#Latin"
],
[
"хо́лад",
"холад#Belarusian"
],
[
"хлад",
"хлад#Bulgarian"
],
[
"chlad",
"chlad#Czech"
],
[
"лад",
"лад#Macedonian"
],
[
"chłód",
"chłód#Polish"
],
[
"Russian",
"холод#Russian"
],
[
"хо́лод",
"холод#Ukrainian"
],
[
"хла̑д",
"хлад#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"hlȃd",
"hlad#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"जड",
"जड#Sanskrit"
],
[
"जल",
"जल#Sanskrit"
],
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"word": "酷",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kù"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Egyptian Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"word": "كول",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kūl"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"word": "קוּל",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kul"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "クール",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kūru",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "クーデレ",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "kūdere",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kuudere",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang_code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "кул"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kul"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "cool",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Of a mildly low temperature.",
"Allowing or suggesting heat relief.",
"Of a color, in the range of violet to green.",
"Not showing emotion; calm and in control of oneself."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "8505bb7bd08c910c728617898d12e67eb40c23ad9a21eb57ecc30c44423c3179",
"rawRecordSha256": "e7692d04cb0a42a22bd5a3635f2b88fb27d9b282b3302ff471887b6b12608aa8",
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 9,
"glosses": 0
}
}