*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of con

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti Proto-Germanic *kunnaną Proto-West Germanic *kunnan Old English cunnan Middle English connen En

12 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 12 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
verb

To study or examine carefully, especially in order to gain knowledge of; to learn, or learn by heart. · To know; understand; acknowledge.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti Proto-Germanic *kunnaną Proto-West Germanic *kunnan Old English cunnan Middle English connen English con Inherited from Middle English connen, inherited from Old English cunnan (“to know, know how”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan (“recognize, know how”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to know, know how”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”) Doublet of can.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      },
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    },
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      "name": "inh",
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        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to know",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "tr": "",
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        "sc": "",
        "g": "",
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        "g3": "",
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    },
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    },
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      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-né-#Proto-Indo-European:_nasal_infix"
    ],
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      "*ǵn̥néh₃ti",
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    ],
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    ],
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    ],
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      "can",
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    ]
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A disadvantage of something, especially when contrasted with its advantages (pros).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Abbreviation of Latin contrā (“against”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

A convicted criminal, a convict.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Clipping of convict.

Inspect preserved source fields

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Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
verb

To trick, lie or defraud, usually for personal gain.

noun

A fraud; something carried out with the intention of deceiving, usually for personal, often illegal, gain.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From con trick, shortened from confidence trick.

Inspect preserved source fields

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Source etymology 5

Original entry ↗
noun

Alternative form of conn (“navigational direction of a ship”).

verb

Alternative form of conn (“direct a ship”).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From earlier cond; see conn.

Inspect preserved source fields

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Source etymology 6

Original entry ↗
noun

An organized gathering, such as a convention, conference, or congress.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Clipping of convention or conference.

Inspect preserved source fields

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Source etymology 7

Original entry ↗
noun

The conversion of part of a building.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Clipping of conversion.

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Source etymology 8

Original entry ↗
noun

Consumption; pulmonary tuberculosis.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Clipping of consumption.

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Source etymology 9

Original entry ↗
noun

Squirrel, particularly the red squirrel. · A squirrel's nest.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Origin uncertain. Perhaps a clipping of Middle English acquerne, aquerne, ocquerne, okerne (“squirrel”), from Old English ācweorna, āqueorna, āquorna, ācurna (“squirrel”), from Proto-West Germanic *aikwernō, from Proto-Germanic *aikwernô (“squirrel”); or from its Old Norse cognate íkorni (“squirrel”), from the same ultimate source. Cognate with West Frisian iikhoarn (“squirrel”), Dutch eekhoorn (“squirrel”), German Eichhorn (“squirrel”), Icelandic íkorni (“squirrel”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "unc",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "acquerne"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English acquerne"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ācweorna"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ācweorna"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*aikwernō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aikwernō"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*aikwernô",
        "t": "squirrel"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aikwernô (“squirrel”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "iikhoarn",
        "t": "squirrel"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian iikhoarn (“squirrel”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "eekhoorn",
        "t": "squirrel"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch eekhoorn (“squirrel”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Eichhorn",
        "t": "squirrel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Eichhorn (“squirrel”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "íkorni",
        "t": "squirrel"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic íkorni (“squirrel”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "acquerne",
      "acquerne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "aquerne",
      "aquerne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ocquerne",
      "ocquerne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "okerne",
      "okerne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ācweorna",
      "acweorna#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "āqueorna",
      "aqueorna#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "āquorna",
      "aquorna#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ācurna",
      "acurna#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*aikwernō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/aikwernō"
    ],
    [
      "*aikwernô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aikwernô"
    ],
    [
      "íkorni",
      "íkorni#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "iikhoarn",
      "iikhoarn#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "eekhoorn",
      "eekhoorn#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Eichhorn",
      "Eichhorn#German"
    ],
    [
      "íkorni",
      "íkorni#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Squirrel, particularly the red squirrel.",
        "A squirrel's nest."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "obsolete",
        "Northern-England"
      ],
      "recordId": "2f5576a3aea2808f0463ee659d26b2d1c8192bc6015e17c0186acb85afceac7a",
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  }
}

Source etymology 10

Original entry ↗
noun

A political conservative.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Clipping of conservative; compare lib.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "clipping",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "conservative"
      },
      "expansion": "Clipping of conservative"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "conservative",
      "conservative#English"
    ],
    [
      "lib",
      "lib#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A political conservative."
      ],
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      ],
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}

Source etymology 11

Original entry ↗
adj

Abbreviation of consolidated: only used in naming.

noun

Abbreviation of consolidation: only used in naming.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Clipping of consolidation or consolidated.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "clipping",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "consolidation,consolidated"
      },
      "expansion": "Clipping of consolidation or consolidated"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "consolidation",
      "consolidation#English"
    ],
    [
      "consolidated",
      "consolidated#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Abbreviation of consolidated: only used in naming."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "recordId": "816a98b3765399ba5c4d7f84c61210b8efbb7e101245c0251c1735aa41981bcc",
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 120800
    },
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Abbreviation of consolidation: only used in naming."
      ],
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        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "no-plural"
      ],
      "recordId": "b5ca68d4e7c4988e1e809b6e926cfee0709ceaafdfeeccc3d7da45a189a9d682",
      "rawRecordSha256": "55205e0a048ace716b84ffdce5f9a6472ba9f92767de55379213ec818824695b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 120799
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  ],
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}

Source etymology 12

Original entry ↗
noun

Clipping of constitution.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Clipping of constitution.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "clipping",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "constitution"
      },
      "expansion": "Clipping of constitution"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "constitution",
      "constitution#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Clipping of constitution."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "clipping",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "recordId": "056b5513d023ab74760755df4d93f124bcbd7d4ed3948efdbda75caf25eb4937",
      "rawRecordSha256": "a3bd024005d13e0e0bb6a19e709e93db789e44a0b63d9db316b612a2e93abaa7",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 120801
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

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Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Y29u