*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of color

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ōs Proto-Indo-European *ḱélōs Proto-Italic *kelōs Old Latin colōs Latin color Old French color Anglo-Norman

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To give something color. · To cause (a pipe, especially a meerschaum) to take on a brown or black color, by smoking. · To apply colors to the areas within the boundaries of a line drawing using colored markers or crayons. · To become red through increased blood flow.

noun

The spectral composition of visible light. · A particular set of visible spectral compositions, perceived or named as a class. · Hue as opposed to achromatic colors (black, white and grays). · These hues as used in color television or films, color photographs, etc (as opposed to the shades of grey used in black-and-white television).

adj

Conveying color, as opposed to shades of gray.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ōs Proto-Indo-European *ḱélōs Proto-Italic *kelōs Old Latin colōs Latin color Old French color Anglo-Norman colurbor. Middle English colour English color From Middle English colour, color, borrowed from Anglo-Norman colur, from Old French colour, color, from Latin color. Doublet of couleur. Largely displaced English blee, Middle English blee (“color”), from Old English blēo. Also partially replaced Old English hīew (“color”) and its descendants (English hue), which is less often used in this sense. The spelling color was popularized in modern American English by Noah Webster, to match the spelling of the word's Latin etymon, and make all American spellings of the derivatives consistent (colorimeter, coloration, colorize, colorless, etc).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 25 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:colour",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *-ōs\nProto-Indo-European *ḱélōs\nProto-Italic *kelōs\nOld Latin colōs\nLatin color\nOld French color\nAnglo-Norman colurbor.\nMiddle English colour\nEnglish color\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱélōs\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cover\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"amphikinetic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kelōs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"colōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"color\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"color\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"colur\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"colour\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"color\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"color\">"
    },
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "colour"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English colour"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "colur"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman colur"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "colour"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French colour"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "color"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin color"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "couleur"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of couleur"
    },
    {
      "name": "noncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "blee"
      },
      "expansion": "English blee"
    },
    {
      "name": "noncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "blee",
        "t": "color"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English blee (“color”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "noncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "blēo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English blēo"
    },
    {
      "name": "noncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hīew",
        "3": "",
        "4": "color"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hīew (“color”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "noncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hue"
      },
      "expansion": "English hue"
    },
    {
      "name": ",",
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ","
    },
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      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:colour",
        "tree": "1"
      },
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    }
  ],
  "links": [
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      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-#Proto-Indo-European:_cover"
    ],
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      "*-os",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
    ],
    [
      "*-s",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-s#Proto-Indo-European:_amphikinetic"
    ],
    [
      "*-ōs",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ōs"
    ],
    [
      "*kelōs",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kelōs"
    ],
    [
      "colōs",
      "colos#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "color",
      "color#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "color",
      "color#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "colur",
      "colur#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "colour",
      "colour#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "colour",
      "colour#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "color",
      "color#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "colur",
      "colur#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "colour",
      "colour#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "color",
      "color#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "color",
      "color#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "couleur",
      "couleur#English"
    ],
    [
      "blee",
      "blee#English"
    ],
    [
      "blee",
      "blee#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "blēo",
      "bleo#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "hīew",
      "hiew#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "hue",
      "hue#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To give something color.",
        "To cause (a pipe, especially a meerschaum) to take on a brown or black color, by smoking.",
        "To apply colors to the areas within the boundaries of a line drawing using colored markers or crayons.",
        "To become red through increased blood flow."
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The spectral composition of visible light.",
        "A particular set of visible spectral compositions, perceived or named as a class.",
        "Hue as opposed to achromatic colors (black, white and grays).",
        "These hues as used in color television or films, color photographs, etc (as opposed to the shades of grey used in black-and-white television)."
      ],
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        "Conveying color, as opposed to shades of gray."
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for color →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Y29sb3I