*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of cod

From Middle English cod, codde, of uncertain origin: * Oldest English form cotfich as a surname in the 13th century; for more see cot (“chamber, cottage”). * A bag or pouch, related to its bloated shape; see Etymology 2

4 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 4 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

A sea fish of the family Gadidae which are sold as "cod", as haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), and whiting (usually Merlangius merlangus). · A sea fish of the genus Gadus, inclusive of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac). · An Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). · Other not closely related fish which are similarly important to regional fisheries, as the hapuku and cultus cod.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English cod, codde, of uncertain origin: * Oldest English form cotfich as a surname in the 13th century; for more see cot (“chamber, cottage”). * A bag or pouch, related to its bloated shape; see Etymology 2 below. * From Latin gadus, from Ancient Greek γάδος (gádos, “cod”) with a possible pre-Greek or Semitic origin; for more see Atargatis, Cetus, and κῆτος (kêtos). Cognate with the genus name, translingual Gadus.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "wp",
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "senseno",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Q199788"
      },
      "expansion": "etymology 1 sense 1.1.1.1"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "cod"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cod"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "gadus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin gadus"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "γάδος",
        "t": "cod"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γάδος (gádos, “cod”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "Gadus"
      },
      "expansion": "translingual Gadus"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "cod",
      "cod#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "codde",
      "codde#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "cotfich",
      "cotfich#English"
    ],
    [
      "cot",
      "cot#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "Etymology 2",
      "#Etymology 2"
    ],
    [
      "gadus",
      "gadus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "γάδος",
      "γάδος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "κῆτος",
      "κῆτος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "Gadus",
      "Gadus#Translingual"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A sea fish of the family Gadidae which are sold as \"cod\", as haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), and whiting (usually Merlangius merlangus).",
        "A sea fish of the genus Gadus, inclusive of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac).",
        "An Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).",
        "Other not closely related fish which are similarly important to regional fisheries, as the hapuku and cultus cod."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "usually"
      ],
      "recordId": "c6a5af0fcccefe11b5ea2c4f36214c94b873633eda6221915981031039f5a8da",
      "rawRecordSha256": "c943e4838f4420c2e859dc1efaaf460679c584231f88e7c6269fd6daeb1595b5",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 6021
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A small bag or pouch. · A husk or integument; a pod. · The cocoon of a silkworm. · The scrotum.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English cod, codde, from Old English cod, codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuddō, from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). Cognate with Scots cod, codd, coad, kod (“pillow, cushion”), German Low German Koden, Kon (“belly, paunch”), Middle Dutch codde (“scrotum”), Danish kodde (“testicle”), Swedish kudde (“cushion”), Faroese koddi (“pillow”), Icelandic koddi (“pillow”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentioncodenm
  • Inherited-form mentioncodang
  • Inherited-form mention*kuddōgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*kuddôgem-pro
  • Derivation mention*gewt-ine-pro · pouch, sack
  • Cognate mentioncodsco
  • Cognate mentioncoddedum · scrotum
  • Cognate mentionkoddeda · testicle
  • Cognate mentionkuddesv · cushion
  • Cognate mentionkoddifo · pillow
  • Cognate mentionkoddiis · pillow

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "cod"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cod"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cod"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cod"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kuddō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuddō"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kuddô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuddô"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gewt-",
        "t": "pouch, sack"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "cod"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots cod"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "Koden"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German Koden"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "codde",
        "t": "scrotum"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch codde (“scrotum”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "kodde",
        "t": "testicle"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish kodde (“testicle”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "kudde",
        "t": "cushion"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish kudde (“cushion”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "koddi",
        "t": "pillow"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese koddi (“pillow”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "koddi",
        "t": "pillow"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic koddi (“pillow”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "cod",
      "cod#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "codde",
      "codde#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "cod",
      "cod#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "codd",
      "codd#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*kuddō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuddō"
    ],
    [
      "*kuddô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuddô"
    ],
    [
      "*gewt-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gewt-"
    ],
    [
      "*gew-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gew-"
    ],
    [
      "cod",
      "cod#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "codd",
      "codd#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "coad",
      "coad#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "kod",
      "kod#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "Koden",
      "Koden#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Kon",
      "Kon#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "codde",
      "codde#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "kodde",
      "kodde#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "kudde",
      "kudde#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "koddi",
      "koddi#Faroese"
    ],
    [
      "koddi",
      "koddi#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A small bag or pouch.",
        "A husk or integument; a pod.",
        "The cocoon of a silkworm.",
        "The scrotum."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "UK",
        "also",
        "archaic",
        "in-plural"
      ],
      "recordId": "249460070378de751d89587b4aa26e4d91074e5ac71f09df91c5769e466c2e91",
      "rawRecordSha256": "5568eef126d0f38aa16bf22e7715f6bb85071c4982899dc28d9c85c54c81d617",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 6022
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

A joke or an imitation. · A stupid or foolish person.

verb

To attempt to deceive or confuse; to kid. · To joke; to kid.

adj

Having the character of imitation; jocular. · Bad.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Origin unknown. Attested in reference to a person (though not always a stupid or foolish person) from the end of the 17th century. The Oxford English Dictionary (1891) notes that a suggested link to codger is unlikely, as cod appears much earlier.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "unk",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "codger",
      "codger#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A joke or an imitation.",
        "A stupid or foolish person."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "1e479e17914818cbbf32bf74661effb0409b1e5793e4e1463eb34eff347ccf55",
      "rawRecordSha256": "01997b03b5d9a322d7c8cd79f1c57a9e0bfeb2f7a4e1827d65b6a7c3bf19f087",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 6023
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To attempt to deceive or confuse; to kid.",
        "To joke; to kid."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "slang",
        "transitive",
        "Ireland",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "9423bb4283ebe7ec6c3ab1e0b37ac7e623b8f511609e406fd492262d6e750a6b",
      "rawRecordSha256": "4a460865fc5ba82a8ae5f76de9af8d35ac1833b908cde27a7e6ac42a13f26f8e",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 6025
    },
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Having the character of imitation; jocular.",
        "Bad."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "in-compounds",
        "usually",
        "Polari"
      ],
      "recordId": "d5d0c3b5f7ae75a706b09619399bcb57e881276d775ef2d90a19a07299c0d94c",
      "rawRecordSha256": "07f61495b73d3914f005ac688528cb00f8d3255c0a072ec78c930ab7e0a4feb8",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 6024
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
name

Alternative letter-case form of COD (“Call of Duty”).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Abbreviation.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "abbrev",
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Abbreviation"
    }
  ],
  "links": [],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "name",
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative letter-case form of COD (“Call of Duty”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of"
      ],
      "recordId": "9c866e1cd8c5208540a6b75184f2ee8610e033252e070f2a61cfe7f059dad08f",
      "rawRecordSha256": "6ac65844b3023669eb063f0f914ef287bafcaf2fbb9f18c1e0c01d2d58955930",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 6026
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for cod →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Y29k