Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel. · A type of coal, such as bituminous, anthracite, or lignite, and grades and varieties thereof, as a fuel commodity ready to buy and burn. · A piece of coal used for burning (this use is less common in American English) · A glowing or charred piece of coal, wood, or other solid fuel.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥Hom Proto-Indo-European *ǵulHom Proto-Germanic *kulą Proto-West Germanic *kol Old English col Middle English col English coal From Middle English col, from Old English col, from Proto-West Germanic *kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian kööl (“coal”), Saterland Frisian Koole (“coal”), West Frisian koal (“coal”), Cimbrian kholl (“coal”), Dutch kool (“coal; carbon”), German Kohle (“coal”), Limburgish Kǫe̩l (“coal”), Luxembourgish Kuel (“coal”), Vilamovian köła (“coal”), Yiddish קויל (koyl, “coal”), Danish kul (“coal”), Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish kol (“coal; carbon”), Jamtish kuł (“coal; carbon”), Norwegian Bokmål kol, kull (“coal”). Compare Irish and Scottish Gaelic gual (“coal”), Manx geayl (“coal”), Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (“to glow, twinkle”), Persian زکال (zakâl), زکار (zekâr), زغال (zoġâl, “coal”), Tocharian B śoliye (“hearth”), Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn, glow”), all from the same root.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncolenm
- Inherited-form mentioncolang
- Inherited-form mention*kolgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*kulągem-pro · coal
- Cognate mention*ǵwelH-ine-pro · to burn, shine
- Cognate mentionköölfrr · coal
- Cognate mentionKoolestq · coal
- Cognate mentionkoalfy · coal
- Cognate mentionkhollcim · coal
- Cognate mentionkoolnl · coal; carbon
- Cognate mentionKohlede · coal
- Cognate mentionKǫe̩lli · coal
- Cognate mentionKuellb · coal
- Cognate mentionköławym · coal
- Cognate mentionקוילyi · coal
- Cognate mentionkulda · coal
- Cognate mentionkułgmq-jmk · coal; carbon
- Cognate mentionkolnb
- Cognate mentiongeaylgv · coal
- Cognate mentionžvìltilt · to glow, twinkle
- Cognate mentionزکالfa
- Cognate mentionśoliyetxb · hearth
- Cognate mentionज्वल्sa · to burn, glow
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:col<id:coal>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵwelH-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥Hom\nProto-Indo-European *ǵulHom\nProto-Germanic *kulą\nProto-West Germanic *kol\nOld English col\nMiddle English col\nEnglish coal\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kulą\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kol\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"col\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"col\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"coal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"coal\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "col"
},
"expansion": "Middle English col"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "col"
},
"expansion": "Old English col"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kol"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kol"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kulą",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵwelH-",
"t": "to burn, shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kööl",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kööl (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Koole",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Koole (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "koal",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian koal (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "kholl",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian kholl (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kool",
"t": "coal; carbon"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kool (“coal; carbon”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kohle",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "German Kohle (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "Kǫe̩l",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish Kǫe̩l (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Kuel",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Kuel (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "köła",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian köła (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קויל",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish קויל (koyl, “coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kul",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Danish kul (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is,nn,sv",
"2": "kol",
"t": "coal; carbon"
},
"expansion": "Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish kol (“coal; carbon”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "kuł",
"t": "coal; carbon"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish kuł (“coal; carbon”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kol"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål kol"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga,gd",
"2": "gual",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Irish and Scottish Gaelic gual (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "geayl",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Manx geayl (“coal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìlti",
"t": "to glow, twinkle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (“to glow, twinkle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "زکال",
"tr": "zakâl"
},
"expansion": "Persian زکال (zakâl)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "śoliye",
"t": "hearth"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B śoliye (“hearth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्वल्",
"t": "to burn, glow"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn, glow”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:col<id:coal>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵwelH-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥Hom\nProto-Indo-European *ǵulHom\nProto-Germanic *kulą\nProto-West Germanic *kol\nOld English col\nMiddle English col\nEnglish coal"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ǵwelH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵwelH-"
],
[
"*-om",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-om"
],
[
"*kulą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulą"
],
[
"*kol",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kol"
],
[
"col",
"col#Old_English:_coal"
],
[
"col",
"col#Middle_English:_coal"
],
[
"col",
"col#Middle_English"
],
[
"col",
"col#Old_English"
],
[
"*kol",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kol"
],
[
"*kulą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulą"
],
[
"*ǵwelH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵwelH-"
],
[
"kööl",
"kööl#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Koole",
"Koole#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"koal",
"koal#West_Frisian"
],
[
"kholl",
"kholl#Cimbrian"
],
[
"kool",
"kool#Dutch"
],
[
"Kohle",
"Kohle#German"
],
[
"Kǫe̩l",
"Kǫe̩l#Limburgish"
],
[
"Kuel",
"Kuel#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"köła",
"köła#Vilamovian"
],
[
"קויל",
"קויל#Yiddish"
],
[
"kul",
"kul#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"kol#Faroese"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"kol#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"kol#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"kol",
"kol#Swedish"
],
[
"kuł",
"kuł#Jamtish"
],
[
"kol",
"kol#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"kull",
"kull#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Irish",
"gual#Irish"
],
[
"gual",
"gual#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"geayl",
"geayl#Manx"
],
[
"žvi̇̀lti",
"žvilti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"زکال",
"زکال#Persian"
],
[
"زکار",
"زکار#Persian"
],
[
"زغال",
"زغال#Persian"
],
[
"śoliye",
"śoliye#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"ज्वल्",
"ज्वल्#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hausa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"word": "kwal",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel.",
"A type of coal, such as bituminous, anthracite, or lignite, and grades and varieties thereof, as a fuel commodity ready to buy and burn.",
"A piece of coal used for burning (this use is less common in American English)",
"A glowing or charred piece of coal, wood, or other solid fuel."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"countable"
],
"recordId": "41f56033a2b02804ccde7292b66ba71c9df60137a0139647b82e08bfc6e9c8b5",
"rawRecordSha256": "5e5877965cdc8011b6c04f5a6496dabb4db3fb09c028c357064b71ca025552bd",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 36042
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 4,
"glosses": 0
}
}