Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear. · To crouch in general. · To cause to cower; to frighten into submission. · To be a coward; to hide away or refuse to face opposition due to fear.
From Middle English couren, cowre, from Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”) or from North Germanic (Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)); according to Pokorny, all are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”), see also Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”). Cognate with German kauern (“to squat”), Dutch koeren (“to keep watch (in a cowered position)”), Serbo-Croatian kutriti (“to lie in a bent position”), Swedish kura (“huddle, cower”). Unrelated to coward, which is of Latin origin.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncourenenm
- Derivation mentionkûrengml · to lie in wait; linger
- Cognate mentionkúrais
- Derivation mention*gew-ine-pro · to curve, bend
- Cognate mention*kuddôgem-pro · shell, pod
- Cognate mentionkauernde · to squat
- Cognate mentionkoerennl
- Cognate mentionkutritish · to lie in a bent position
- Cognate mentionkurasv · huddle, cower
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "couren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English couren"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "kûren",
"t": "to lie in wait; linger"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kúra",
"3": "",
"4": "to doze"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to curve, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuddô",
"t": "shell, pod"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kauern",
"t": "to squat"
},
"expansion": "German kauern (“to squat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "koeren",
"3": "",
"4": "to keep watch (in a cowered position)"
},
"expansion": "Dutch koeren (“to keep watch (in a cowered position)”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kutriti",
"t": "to lie in a bent position"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kutriti (“to lie in a bent position”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kura",
"t": "huddle, cower"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kura (“huddle, cower”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"couren",
"couren#Middle_English"
],
[
"cowre",
"cowre#Middle_English"
],
[
"kûren",
"kuren#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"kúra",
"kúra#Icelandic"
],
[
"*gew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gew-"
],
[
"*kuddô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuddô"
],
[
"kauern",
"kauern#German"
],
[
"koeren",
"koeren#Dutch"
],
[
"kutriti",
"kutriti#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"kura",
"kura#Swedish"
],
[
"coward",
"coward#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear.",
"To crouch in general.",
"To cause to cower; to frighten into submission.",
"To be a coward; to hide away or refuse to face opposition due to fear."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"archaic",
"transitive",
"figuratively"
],
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