Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAn adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved. · Any member of the species Bos taurus that is not of a bucking breed or fighting breed, regardless of sex or age, including steers and calves. · Beef: the meat of cattle as food. · Any bovines or bovids generally, including yaks, buffalo, etc.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws Proto-Germanic *kōz Proto-West Germanic *kō Old English cū Middle English cow English cow Inherited from Middle English cow, cou, from Old English cū (“cow”), from Proto-West Germanic *kō, from Proto-Germanic *kōz (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Cognate with Sanskrit गो (go), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Persian گاو (gâv)), Latvian govs (“cow”), Proto-Slavic *govędo (Serbo-Croatian govedo, Russian говядина (govjadina, “beef”), Scots coo (“cow”), North Frisian ko, kø (“cow”), West Frisian ko (“cow”), Dutch koe (“cow”), Low German Koh, Koo, Kau (“cow”), German Kuh (“cow”), Danish and Swedish ko (“cow”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk ku (“cow”), Faroese kúgv (“cow”), Icelandic kýr (“cow”), Latin bōs (“ox, bull, cow”) (whence English beef), Armenian կով (kov, “cow”). Doublet of beef. The plural kine is from Middle English kyne, kyn, kuin, kiin, kien (“cows”), either a double plural of Middle English ky, kye (“cows”), equivalent to modern kye + -en, or inherited from Old English cūna (“cows', of cows”), genitive plural of cū (“cow”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncowenm
- Inherited-form mentioncūang
- Inherited-form mention*kōgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*kōzgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*gʷṓwsine-pro
- Cognate mentionगोsa
- Cognate mentionβοῦςgrc
- Cognate mentionگاوfa
- Cognate mentiongovslv
- Cognate mentioncoosco · cow
- Cognate mentionkofrr
- Cognate mentionkofy · cow
- Cognate mentionkoenl · cow
- Cognate mentionKohnds · cow
- Cognate mentionKuhde · cow
- Cognate mentionkúgvfo · cow
- Cognate mentionkýris · cow
- Cognate mentionbōsla · ox, bull, cow
- Cognate mentionկովhy · cow
- Doublet mentionbeefen
- Inherited-form mentionkyneenm
- Cognate mentionkyenm
- Inherited-form mentioncūnaang · cows', of cows
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "dercat",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "langname",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"name": "word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "gʷṓws",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "PIE word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gʷṓws",
"nobox": "1"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "lang",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "A cow eats grass."
},
"expansion": "A cow eats grass."
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cow<id:bovine>",
"id": "Bos taurus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷṓws\nProto-Germanic *kōz\nProto-West Germanic *kō\nOld English cū\nMiddle English cow\nEnglish cow\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kōz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cū\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cow\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cow\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"Bos taurus\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cow\" id=\"English:_Bos_taurus\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cow",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English cow"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English cow"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cū",
"4": "",
"5": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Old English cū (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kō"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kōz",
"4": "",
"5": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kōz (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws",
"4": "",
"5": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गो"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गो (go)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گاو",
"tr": "gâv"
},
"expansion": "Persian گاو (gâv)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "govs",
"3": "",
"4": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Latvian govs (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "coo",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Scots coo (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ko"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian ko"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ko",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ko (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "koe",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Dutch koe (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Koh",
"3": "Koh, Koo, Kau",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Low German Koh, Koo, Kau (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kuh",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "German Kuh (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,sv",
"2": "ko",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Swedish ko (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn",
"2": "ku",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk ku (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kúgv",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Faroese kúgv (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kýr",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kýr (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bōs",
"t": "ox, bull, cow"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs (“ox, bull, cow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կով",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Armenian կով (kov, “cow”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of beef"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kyne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kyne"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ky"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ky"
},
{
"name": "suffix",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kye",
"3": "en",
"pos": "noun plural",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "kye + -en"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cūna",
"t": "cows', of cows"
},
"expansion": "Old English cūna (“cows', of cows”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cow<id:bovine>",
"id": "Bos taurus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷṓws\nProto-Germanic *kōz\nProto-West Germanic *kō\nOld English cū\nMiddle English cow\nEnglish cow"
}
],
"links": [
[
"grass",
"grass#English"
],
[
"*gʷṓws",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷṓws#Proto-Indo-European:_cattle"
],
[
"*kōz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōz#Proto-Germanic:_cow"
],
[
"*kō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kō#Proto-West_Germanic:_cow"
],
[
"cū",
"cu#Old_English:_cow"
],
[
"cow",
"cow#Middle_English:_bovine"
],
[
"cow",
"cow#Middle_English"
],
[
"cou",
"cou#Middle_English"
],
[
"cū",
"cu#Old_English"
],
[
"*kō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kō"
],
[
"*kōz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōz"
],
[
"*gʷṓws",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷṓws"
],
[
"गो",
"गो#Sanskrit"
],
[
"βοῦς",
"βοῦς#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"گاو",
"گاو#Persian"
],
[
"govs",
"govs#Latvian"
],
[
"*govędo",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/govędo"
],
[
"govedo",
"govedo#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"говядина",
"говядина#Russian"
],
[
"coo",
"coo#Scots"
],
[
"ko",
"ko#North_Frisian"
],
[
"kø",
"kø#North_Frisian"
],
[
"ko",
"ko#West_Frisian"
],
[
"koe",
"koe#Dutch"
],
[
"Koh, Koo, Kau",
"Koh#Low_German"
],
[
"Kuh",
"Kuh#German"
],
[
"Danish",
"ko#Danish"
],
[
"ko",
"ko#Swedish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"ku#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"ku",
"ku#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"kúgv",
"kúgv#Faroese"
],
[
"kýr",
"kýr#Icelandic"
],
[
"bōs",
"bos#Latin"
],
[
"կով",
"կով#Armenian"
],
[
"beef",
"beef#English"
],
[
"kine",
"kine#English"
],
[
"kyne",
"kyne#Middle_English"
],
[
"kyn",
"kyn#Middle_English"
],
[
"kuin",
"kuin#Middle_English"
],
[
"kiin",
"kiin#Middle_English"
],
[
"kien",
"kien#Middle_English"
],
[
"ky",
"ky#Middle_English"
],
[
"kye",
"kye#Middle_English"
],
[
"kye",
"kye#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#English"
],
[
"cūna",
"cuna#Old_English"
],
[
"cū",
"cu#Old_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "kaw"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "kau"
},
{
"lang": "Abenaki",
"lang_code": "abe",
"word": "kaoz",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"word": "kau",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved.",
"Any member of the species Bos taurus that is not of a bucking breed or fighting breed, regardless of sex or age, including steers and calves.",
"Beef: the meat of cattle as food.",
"Any bovines or bovids generally, including yaks, buffalo, etc."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable",
"broadly",
"informal",
"uncommon"
],
"recordId": "d4d876189cd46e9afad4068400270c5634cea669a831c0b3106f8c5a82331cf2",
"rawRecordSha256": "56807cc606d71671b382ada8a4212d405c750d6e66cabb54ea4a3896a688781e",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 12153
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 5,
"glosses": 0
}
}