*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of cove

From Middle English cove, from Old English cofa (“chamber; den”), from Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô. Cognate with Dutch koof (“cove”), German Low German Koov (“small room”), German Koben (“nook, s

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

A hollow in a rock; a cave or cavern. · A concave vault or archway, especially the arch of a ceiling. · A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds; bight. · A strip of prairie extending into woodland.

verb

To arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the form of a cove.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English cove, from Old English cofa (“chamber; den”), from Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô. Cognate with Dutch koof (“cove”), German Low German Koov (“small room”), German Koben (“nook, shed”), Icelandic kofi (“hut, shack”). This word has probably survived as long as it has due to its coincidental phonetic resemblance to the unrelated word English cave. Also unrelated to Spanish cueva, which itself is a cognate of cave.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentioncoveenm
  • Inherited-form mentioncofaang · chamber; den
  • Inherited-form mention*kobōgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*kubôgem-pro
  • Cognate mentionkoofnl · cove
  • Cognate mentionKobende · nook, shed
  • Cognate mentionkofiis · hut, shack

This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "cove"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cove"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cofa",
        "t": "chamber; den"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cofa (“chamber; den”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kobō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kobō"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kubô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kubô"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "koof",
        "t": "cove"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch koof (“cove”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "Koov",
        "t": "small room"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German Koov (“small room”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Koben",
        "t": "nook, shed"
      },
      "expansion": "German Koben (“nook, shed”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "kofi",
        "t": "hut, shack"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic kofi (“hut, shack”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "noncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cave"
      },
      "expansion": "English cave"
    },
    {
      "name": "noncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "cueva"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish cueva"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "cove",
      "cove#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "cofa",
      "cofa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*kobō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kobō"
    ],
    [
      "*kubô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kubô"
    ],
    [
      "koof",
      "koof#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Koov",
      "Koov#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Koben",
      "Koben#German"
    ],
    [
      "kofi",
      "kofi#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "cave",
      "cave#English"
    ],
    [
      "cueva",
      "cueva#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "cave",
      "cave"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A hollow in a rock; a cave or cavern.",
        "A concave vault or archway, especially the arch of a ceiling.",
        "A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds; bight.",
        "A strip of prairie extending into woodland."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncommon",
        "US"
      ],
      "recordId": "9672c59b24dea3599ee71e5cd913622faf4975c6bcef00ddc11e3546ae175ac4",
      "rawRecordSha256": "b529e46af044a8bc6c4bddd2dcac2ee813b858ddfc8e1e37fb5d9bad72e3638a",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 228890
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the form of a cove."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "99688cac94bbdf7e1477988284c8cad294e6ec100c113d9acbfeeec2fc8d9314",
      "rawRecordSha256": "b94dc597b8658014e08cfd04bc7954a0d20508b7ba98fe34c512d0708c492062",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 228891
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 4,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

Man; fellow. · Friend; mate.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Attested in Britain a. 1570, from Romani kodo (“this one, him”, pronounced /koðo/, ultimately undergoing th-fronting to /kov/ in English), or perhaps directly from Romani kova (“that person”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Derivation mentionkodorom
  • Derivation mentionkovarom
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "trim",
      "args": {
        "1": "1570"
      },
      "expansion": "1570"
    },
    {
      "name": "ante",
      "args": {
        "1": "1570"
      },
      "expansion": "a. 1570"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rom",
        "3": "kodo",
        "4": "",
        "5": "this one, him",
        "pos": "pronounced /koðo/, ultimately undergoing th-fronting to /kov/ in English"
      },
      "expansion": "Romani kodo (“this one, him”, pronounced /koðo/, ultimately undergoing th-fronting to /kov/ in English)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rom",
        "3": "kova",
        "4": "",
        "5": "that person"
      },
      "expansion": "Romani kova (“that person”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "kodo",
      "kodo#Romani"
    ],
    [
      "kova",
      "kova#Romani"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Man; fellow.",
        "Friend; mate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dated",
        "Australia",
        "Polari"
      ],
      "recordId": "d05bdf193849395c8e3d80cb2cdb88e49a46bb79974e754856253d3c90e42de7",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8db5f9a2c8d4ec778a19bda014aa24e8c828cfe60dd8646893725e07a546ded8",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 228892
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
verb

Of a bird or other animal: to brood, cover, incubate, or sit over (eggs).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Borrowed from French couver, from Old French cover (“to hatch (eggs)”), from Latin cubāre (“to lie down, recline; to incubate; to be broody”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (“to lie down”). Cognates * Italian covare

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*ḱewb-ine-pro
  • Borrowed-form mentioncouverfr
  • Derivation mentioncoverfro · to hatch (eggs)
  • Derivation mentioncubōla
  • Derivation mention*ḱewb-ine-pro · to lie down
  • Cognate mentioncovareit
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱewb-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "bor+",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "couver"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French couver"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cover",
        "t": "to hatch (eggs)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French cover (“to hatch (eggs)”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cubō",
        "4": "cubāre",
        "5": "to lie down, recline; to incubate; to be broody"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cubāre (“to lie down, recline; to incubate; to be broody”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "!",
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "|"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱewb-",
        "t": "to lie down"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (“to lie down”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "col-top",
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "covare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian covare"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "couver",
      "couver#French"
    ],
    [
      "cover",
      "cover#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "cubāre",
      "cubo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱewb-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewb-"
    ],
    [
      "covare",
      "covare#Italian"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "Of a bird or other animal: to brood, cover, incubate, or sit over (eggs)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "d940832d2fdaf26ac7fe7862243f4a57b56eccb0f31e11d722a003e3929830c2",
      "rawRecordSha256": "746014078366c88a3b5395ee1ecd88d32242cc2afe1e09eb0614728668f4709b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 228893
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for cove →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Y292ZQ