Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗Familiar, known; well-known, renowned. · Agreeable, friendly, pleasant. · Comfortable; cosy, snug.
From Middle English couth (“familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners”), from Old English cūþ (“familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related”), past participle of cunnan (“to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how”), from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how”) (compare *kunþaz (“known”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). The word is cognate with Dutch kond (“known”), Saterland Frisian cut (“known”), Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs, “known”), Icelandic kuður, kunnur (“known”), Latin gnosco (“to know”), Old High German kund, chund, chunt, Middle High German kunt (modern German kund (“known”)), Old Saxon kūth, cûth, cuð (“known; famous, renowned”), Scots couth (“familiar, known”); and is a doublet of could.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*ǵneh₃-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentioncouthenm
- Inherited-form mentioncūþang
- Inherited-form mention*kunnanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*ǵneh₃-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionkondnl
- Cognate mentioncutstq
- Cognate mention𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃got
- Cognate mentionkuðuris
- Cognate mentiongnoscola
- Cognate mentionkundgoh
- Cognate mentionkuntgmh
- Cognate mentionkundde
- Cognate mentionkūthosx
- Cognate mentioncouthsco
- Doublet mentioncoulden
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "couth",
"4": "couth",
"5": "familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners"
},
"expansion": "Middle English couth (“familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cūþ",
"4": "",
"5": "familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related"
},
"expansion": "Old English cūþ (“familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kond",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kond (“known”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "cut",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian cut (“known”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs, “known”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kuður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kuður"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gnosco",
"3": "",
"4": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Latin gnosco (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kund"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kund"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kunt"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kund",
"3": "",
"4": "known"
},
"expansion": "German kund (“known”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kūth"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon kūth"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "couth",
"3": "",
"4": "familiar, known"
},
"expansion": "Scots couth (“familiar, known”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "could",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of could"
}
],
"links": [
[
"couth",
"couth#Middle_English"
],
[
"cūþ",
"cuþ#Old_English"
],
[
"cunnan",
"cunnan#Old_English"
],
[
"*kunnaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną"
],
[
"*kunþaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunþaz"
],
[
"*ǵneh₃-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-"
],
[
"kond",
"kond#Dutch"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃",
"𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"kuður",
"kuður#Icelandic"
],
[
"kunnur",
"kunnur#Icelandic"
],
[
"gnosco",
"gnosco#Latin"
],
[
"kund",
"kund#Old_High_German"
],
[
"chund",
"chund#Old_High_German"
],
[
"chunt",
"chunt#Old_High_German"
],
[
"kunt",
"kunt#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"kund",
"kund#German"
],
[
"kūth",
"kuth#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"cûth",
"cuth#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"cuð",
"cuð#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"couth",
"couth#Scots"
],
[
"could",
"could#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Familiar, known; well-known, renowned.",
"Agreeable, friendly, pleasant.",
"Comfortable; cosy, snug."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"Scotland"
],
"recordId": "0e67ee543ddd806546be2a981676541af9823febe53714c04d4be64accbc3e1e",
"rawRecordSha256": "1a6289b6f816abfe8cb809b7e20d8de7362eee258d2d30fc56ae227766901808",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 446898
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}