*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of Zend

Via Zoroastrian Middle Persian znd (zand, “understanding, interpretation”), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”), from Avestan verbal root 𐬰𐬀𐬥- (zan-, “to know, to understand”), from Proto-Indo-European

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
name

Exegetical glosses, paraphrases, commentaries and translations of the Avesta's texts. · The Avestan language.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Via Zoroastrian Middle Persian znd (zand, “understanding, interpretation”), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”), from Avestan verbal root 𐬰𐬀𐬥- (zan-, “to know, to understand”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "bor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "znd",
        "tr": "zand",
        "t": "understanding, interpretation"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian znd (zand, “understanding, interpretation”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ae",
        "3": "𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌",
        "t": "understanding"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "znd",
      "znd#Middle_Persian"
    ],
    [
      "𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌",
      "𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌#Avestan"
    ],
    [
      "𐬰𐬀𐬥-",
      "𐬰𐬀𐬥-#Avestan"
    ],
    [
      "*ǵneh₃-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "name",
      "glosses": [
        "Exegetical glosses, paraphrases, commentaries and translations of the Avesta's texts.",
        "The Avestan language."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "recordId": "0e57d402ba971dec969bd3c9ec8d9bfef900e104b0706a82886c5f573e11905d",
      "rawRecordSha256": "e4e44ea892aec5a18a0c9f3cbd5e796a85ea39a216fc391798aca1fbcf30e408",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 5259176
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for Zend →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-WmVuZA