*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of Linux

Etymology tree Ancient Greek Λῖνος (Lînos)bor. Latin Linusbor. English Linus Proto-Indo-European *mel-der. Proto-Indo-European *-tósder. Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tós? Proto-Italic *moltos Latin multi- Proto-Indo-European

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
name

The Unix-like open-source computer operating system kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. · Any operating system that uses this kernel.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Ancient Greek Λῖνος (Lînos)bor. Latin Linusbor. English Linus Proto-Indo-European *mel-der. Proto-Indo-European *-tósder. Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tós? Proto-Italic *moltos Latin multi- Proto-Indo-European *pel-der.? Latin -plex Latin multiplexlbor. English multiplexed Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Proto-Italic *en Proto-Italic *en- Latin in- Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.? Latin fōrma Latin fōrmō Latin īnfōrmō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Late Latin īnfōrmātiōder. Middle English enformacioun English information Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Latin con- Latin putus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin putō Latin computō Latin computārelbor. French computerbor. English computing Proto-Indo-European *ser-der.? Proto-Italic *serwos Latin servus Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic *-ijos Proto-Italic *-ios Old Latin -ios Latin -ius Latin -ia Latin -itia Latin servitiumlbor. Old French servisebor. Old English serfis Middle English servise English service English Multiplexed Information and Computing Service English Multics ▲ English eunuchinflu. English Unix blend English Linux Blend of Linus + Unix, from the name of its creator Linus Torvalds.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek Λῖνος (Lînos)bor.\nLatin Linusbor.\nEnglish Linus\nProto-Indo-European *mel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nProto-Indo-European *ml̥tós?\nProto-Italic *moltos\nLatin multi-\nProto-Indo-European *pel-der.?\nLatin -plex\nLatin multiplexlbor.\nEnglish multiplexed\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nAncient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.?\nLatin fōrma\nLatin fōrmō\nLatin īnfōrmō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLate Latin īnfōrmātiōder.\nMiddle English enformacioun\nEnglish information\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nLatin putus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin putō\nLatin 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[ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to reckon\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pure\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"putus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", 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\"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"putō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"computō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"computāre\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"computer\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"compute\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"guardian\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"guard\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ser-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*serwos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"servus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ia\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-itia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"servitium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"servise\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"serfis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"servise\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"service\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Multics\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"Q179294\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"eunuch\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Unix\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Blend of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"blend\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Linux\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"Q14579\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Linux\" id=\"English:_Q14579\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "blend",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Linus",
        "3": "Unix"
      },
      "expansion": "Blend of Linus + Unix"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":blend",
        "3": "Linus<id:Q15196019>",
        "4": "Unix<id:Q11368>",
        "id": "Q14579",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek Λῖνος (Lînos)bor.\nLatin Linusbor.\nEnglish Linus\nProto-Indo-European *mel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nProto-Indo-European *ml̥tós?\nProto-Italic *moltos\nLatin multi-\nProto-Indo-European *pel-der.?\nLatin -plex\nLatin multiplexlbor.\nEnglish multiplexed\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nAncient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.?\nLatin fōrma\nLatin fōrmō\nLatin īnfōrmō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLate Latin īnfōrmātiōder.\nMiddle English enformacioun\nEnglish information\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nLatin putus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin putō\nLatin computō\nLatin computārelbor.\nFrench computerbor.\nEnglish computing\nProto-Indo-European *ser-der.?\nProto-Italic *serwos\nLatin servus\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin -itia\nLatin servitiumlbor.\nOld French servisebor.\nOld English serfis\nMiddle English servise\nEnglish service\nEnglish Multiplexed Information and Computing Service\nEnglish Multics\n▲\nEnglish eunuchinflu.\nEnglish Unix\nblend\nEnglish Linux"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "Λῖνος",
      "Λῖνος#Ancient_Greek:_Q15196019"
    ],
    [
      "Linus",
      "Linus#Latin:_Q15196019"
    ],
    [
      "Linus",
      "Linus#English:_Q15196019"
    ],
    [
      "*mel-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mel-#Proto-Indo-European:_good"
    ],
    [
      "*-tós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós"
    ],
    [
      "*moltos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/moltos"
    ],
    [
      "multi-",
      "multus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*pel-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-#Proto-Indo-European:_fold"
    ],
    [
      "-plex",
      "-plex#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "multiplex",
      "multiplex#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "multiplexed",
      "multiplex#English"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁én",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én#Proto-Indo-European:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*en",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/en#Proto-Italic:_in"
    ],
    [
      "*en-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/en-#Proto-Italic:_in"
    ],
    [
      "in-",
      "in-#Latin:_in"
    ],
    [
      "μορφή",
      "μορφή#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "fōrma",
      "forma#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fōrmō",
      "formo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "īnfōrmō",
      "informo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-tis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
    ],
    [
      "*-Hō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
    ],
    [
      "*-tiō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
    ],
    [
      "-tiō",
      "-tio#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "īnfōrmātiō",
      "informatio#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "enformacioun",
      "enformacioun#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "information",
      "information#English"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱe",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱóm",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
    ],
    [
      "*kom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom#Proto-Italic:_with"
    ],
    [
      "*kom-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom-#Proto-Italic:_with"
    ],
    [
      "con-",
      "con-#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "putus",
      "putus#Latin:_pure"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "putō",
      "puto#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "computō",
      "computo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "computāre",
      "computare#Latin:_computo"
    ],
    [
      "computer",
      "computer#French:_compute"
    ],
    [
      "computing",
      "compute#English"
    ],
    [
      "*ser-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser-#Proto-Indo-European:_guard"
    ],
    [
      "*serwos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/serwos#Proto-Italic:_guardian"
    ],
    [
      "servus",
      "servus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-(i)yós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
    ],
    [
      "*-ios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ios#Proto-Italic:_adjective_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ios",
      "-ios#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "-ius",
      "-ius#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "-ia",
      "-ia#Latin:_abstract_noun"
    ],
    [
      "-itia",
      "-itia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "servitium",
      "servitium#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "servise",
      "servise#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "serfis",
      "serfis#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "servise",
      "servise#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "service",
      "service#English"
    ],
    [
      "Multics",
      "Multics#English:_Q739186"
    ],
    [
      "eunuch",
      "eunuch#English:_Q179294"
    ],
    [
      "Unix",
      "Unix#English:_Q11368"
    ],
    [
      "Linus",
      "Linus#English"
    ],
    [
      "Unix",
      "Unix#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "name",
      "glosses": [
        "The Unix-like open-source computer operating system kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.",
        "Any operating system that uses this kernel."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "broadly"
      ],
      "recordId": "5e556bfa359ae3f758f0986d4a5d2124dc4bc4b20d8f114ce9443e6d3076c851",
      "rawRecordSha256": "997cd33641da40dbb96c1e455478a055aa937d9ed1ea05345204d5ad4cbbcf75",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 4373305
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for Linux →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-TGludXg