Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗name
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA northern English surname originating as a patronymic. · A male given name. · A community in South Stormont township, Ontario, Canada. · A city in Solano County, California.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs Proto-Celtic *rīxsbor. Proto-Germanic *rīks Proto-West Germanic *rīk Proto-Indo-European *kret-der.? Proto-Germanic *harduz Proto-Indo-European *-yos Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Germanic *-jaz Proto-West Germanic *-ī Proto-West Germanic *hardu Proto-West Germanic *Rīkuhardu Old High German Rihhart Middle High German Rihardbor. Medieval Latin Richardusder. Old French Richardbor. Middle English Rycharde English Richardder. English Rickder. English Dick Proto-Indo-European *sew-? Proto-Indo-European *sewH- Proto-Indo-European *suHnús Proto-Germanic *sunuz Proto-West Germanic *sunu Old English sunu Middle English sone Middle English -son English -son English Dixon From Dick + -son.
This page abbreviates 13 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "Dick",
"4": "-son",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs\nProto-Celtic *rīxsbor.\nProto-Germanic *rīks\nProto-West Germanic *rīk\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nProto-Indo-European *-yos\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *-jaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ī\nProto-West Germanic *hardu\nProto-West Germanic *Rīkuhardu\nOld High German Rihhart\nMiddle High German Rihardbor.\nMedieval Latin Richardusder.\nOld French Richardbor.\nMiddle English Rycharde\nEnglish Richardder.\nEnglish Rickder.\nEnglish Dick\nProto-Indo-European *sew-?\nProto-Indo-European *sewH-\nProto-Indo-European *suHnús\nProto-Germanic *sunuz\nProto-West Germanic *sunu\nOld English sunu\nMiddle English sone\nMiddle English -son\nEnglish -son\nEnglish Dixon\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"male given name\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"king, ruler\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"king\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"king\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"king\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to straighten\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃reǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"lengthened acrostatic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃rḗǵs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*rīxs\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*rīks\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*rīk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*hardu\", \"gloss\" : \"hard, brave\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"strong\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kret-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*harduz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ed\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hard(ī)\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*Rīkuhardu\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"*rīh\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"hart\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"Rihhart\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"Rihard\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"Richardus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"Richard\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"Rycharde\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Richard\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Rick\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Dick\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"surname suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"give birth\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"to pour\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sew-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sewH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*suHnús\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunu\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sunu\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sone\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-son\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-son\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Dixon\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Dixon\">\nFrom Dick + -son."
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "Dick",
"4": "-son",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs\nProto-Celtic *rīxsbor.\nProto-Germanic *rīks\nProto-West Germanic *rīk\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nProto-Indo-European *-yos\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *-jaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ī\nProto-West Germanic *hardu\nProto-West Germanic *Rīkuhardu\nOld High German Rihhart\nMiddle High German Rihardbor.\nMedieval Latin Richardusder.\nOld French Richardbor.\nMiddle English Rycharde\nEnglish Richardder.\nEnglish Rickder.\nEnglish Dick\nProto-Indo-European *sew-?\nProto-Indo-European *sewH-\nProto-Indo-European *suHnús\nProto-Germanic *sunuz\nProto-West Germanic *sunu\nOld English sunu\nMiddle English sone\nMiddle English -son\nEnglish -son\nEnglish Dixon\nFrom Dick + -son."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₃reǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_straighten"
],
[
"*-s",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-s#Proto-Indo-European:_lengthened_acrostatic"
],
[
"*h₃rḗǵs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃rḗǵs#Proto-Indo-European:_king"
],
[
"*rīxs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rīxs#Proto-Celtic:_king"
],
[
"*rīks",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīks#Proto-Germanic:_king"
],
[
"*rīk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rīk"
],
[
"*kret-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kret-#Proto-Indo-European:_strong"
],
[
"*harduz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harduz"
],
[
"*-yos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yos"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"*-jaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jaz#Proto-Germanic:_-ed"
],
[
"*-ī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ī#Proto-West_Germanic:_adjective"
],
[
"*hardu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hard(ī)"
],
[
"*Rīkuhardu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/Rīkuhardu"
],
[
"Rihhart",
"Rihhart#Old_High_German"
],
[
"Rihard",
"Rihard#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"Richardus",
"Richardus#Latin"
],
[
"Richard",
"Richard#Old_French"
],
[
"Rycharde",
"Rycharde#Middle_English"
],
[
"Richard",
"Richard#English:_male_given_name"
],
[
"Rick",
"Rick#English"
],
[
"Dick",
"Dick#English"
],
[
"*sew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sew-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_pour"
],
[
"*sewH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sewH-#Proto-Indo-European:_give_birth"
],
[
"*suHnús",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/suHnús#Proto-Indo-European:_son"
],
[
"*sunuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunuz#Proto-Germanic:_son"
],
[
"*sunu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sunu#Proto-West_Germanic:_son"
],
[
"sunu",
"sunu#Old_English:_son"
],
[
"sone",
"sone#Middle_English:_son"
],
[
"-son",
"-son#Middle_English:_surname_suffix"
],
[
"-son",
"-son#English"
],
[
"Dick",
"Dick#English"
],
[
"-son",
"-son#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "name",
"glosses": [
"A northern English surname originating as a patronymic.",
"A male given name.",
"A community in South Stormont township, Ontario, Canada.",
"A city in Solano County, California."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "b6f8e78e84b81d12f372ff7e6ad21271ee4bf8d59a3d0e4351807d1c612027d7",
"rawRecordSha256": "673d95e2d60b28cd5d9adcc7449f7e6dd1aab44ad27cc86b57b3d6d880c57503",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 484130
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 13,
"glosses": 0
}
}