Source etymology 2
Original entry ↗name
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryThe Free Software Foundation's project to develop a free UNIX-like operating system, including the legal framework, such as the source code and documentation licenses.
Etymology tree ▲ English GNU Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Germanic *ne Proto-West Germanic *ne Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- Proto-Indo-European *-u Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu Proto-Indo-European *-osinflu. Proto-Germanic *aiwaz Proto-West Germanic *aiw univ. Proto-West Germanic *naiw Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *wékʷtisder.? Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰtisder.? Proto-Germanic *wihtą Proto-West Germanic *wiht Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht Old English nāwiht Old English *nōht Middle English nought Middle English not English not Proto-Indo-European *mel-der. Proto-Indo-European *-tósder. Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tós? Proto-Italic *moltos Latin multi- Proto-Indo-European *pel-der.? Latin -plex Latin multiplexlbor. English multiplexed Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Proto-Italic *en Proto-Italic *en- Latin in- Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.? Latin fōrma Latin fōrmō Latin īnfōrmō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Late Latin īnfōrmātiōder. Middle English enformacioun English information Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Latin con- Latin putus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin putō Latin computō Latin computārelbor. French computerbor. English computing Proto-Indo-European *ser-der.? Proto-Italic *serwos Latin servus Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic *-ijos Proto-Italic *-ios Old Latin -ios Latin -ius Latin -ia Latin -itia Latin servitiumlbor. Old French servisebor. Old English serfis Middle English servise English service English Multiplexed Information and Computing Service English Multics ▲ English eunuchinflu. English Unix English gnuinflu. English GNU's not Unixacronym English GNU Coined by Richard Stallman in 1983 as a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”, following convention of naming programs similar to or inspired by existing programs as “(New Name) Is Not (Old Name)”; compare Xinu. Specifically influenced by lack of English words of form ?nu (“?NU is Not Unix”), that gnu is the alphabetically first (and in fact only) English word of the form ?nu (“?’s Not Unix”), that gnu was perceived as a humorous word, and the existence of the song “The Gnu”.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\n▲\nEnglish GNU\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Germanic *ne\nProto-West Germanic *ne\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ey-\nProto-Indo-European *-u\nProto-Indo-European *h₂óyu\nProto-Indo-European *-osinflu.\nProto-Germanic *aiwaz\nProto-West Germanic *aiw\nuniv.\nProto-West Germanic *naiw\nProto-Indo-European *wekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *wékʷtisder.?\nProto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *wéǵʰtisder.?\nProto-Germanic *wihtą\nProto-West Germanic *wiht\nProto-West Germanic *naiwwiht\nOld English nāwiht\nOld English *nōht\nMiddle English nought\nMiddle English not\nEnglish not\nProto-Indo-European *mel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nProto-Indo-European *ml̥tós?\nProto-Italic *moltos\nLatin multi-\nProto-Indo-European *pel-der.?\nLatin -plex\nLatin multiplexlbor.\nEnglish multiplexed\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nAncient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.?\nLatin fōrma\nLatin fōrmō\nLatin īnfōrmō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLate Latin īnfōrmātiōder.\nMiddle English enformacioun\nEnglish information\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nLatin putus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin putō\nLatin computō\nLatin computārelbor.\nFrench computerbor.\nEnglish computing\nProto-Indo-European *ser-der.?\nProto-Italic *serwos\nLatin servus\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin -itia\nLatin servitiumlbor.\nOld French servisebor.\nOld English serfis\nMiddle English servise\nEnglish service\nEnglish Multiplexed Information and Computing Service\nEnglish 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Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ia\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-itia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"servitium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"servise\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"serfis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : 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},
{
"name": "coin",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Richard Stallman",
"in": "1983"
},
"expansion": "Coined by Richard Stallman in 1983"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":acro",
"3": "[<LINK(['GNU']){} >, <LINK([\"'s\"]){} >, ' ', <LINK(['not']){} >, ' ', <LINK(['Unix']){} >, '<ety:af<GNU><not><Unix>:influence<gnu>>']",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\n▲\nEnglish GNU\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Germanic *ne\nProto-West Germanic *ne\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ey-\nProto-Indo-European *-u\nProto-Indo-European *h₂óyu\nProto-Indo-European *-osinflu.\nProto-Germanic *aiwaz\nProto-West Germanic *aiw\nuniv.\nProto-West Germanic *naiw\nProto-Indo-European *wekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *wékʷtisder.?\nProto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *wéǵʰtisder.?\nProto-Germanic *wihtą\nProto-West Germanic *wiht\nProto-West Germanic *naiwwiht\nOld English nāwiht\nOld English *nōht\nMiddle English nought\nMiddle English not\nEnglish not\nProto-Indo-European *mel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nProto-Indo-European *ml̥tós?\nProto-Italic *moltos\nLatin multi-\nProto-Indo-European *pel-der.?\nLatin -plex\nLatin multiplexlbor.\nEnglish multiplexed\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nAncient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.?\nLatin fōrma\nLatin fōrmō\nLatin īnfōrmō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLate Latin īnfōrmātiōder.\nMiddle English enformacioun\nEnglish information\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nLatin putus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin putō\nLatin computō\nLatin computārelbor.\nFrench computerbor.\nEnglish computing\nProto-Indo-European *ser-der.?\nProto-Italic *serwos\nLatin servus\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin -itia\nLatin servitiumlbor.\nOld French servisebor.\nOld English serfis\nMiddle English servise\nEnglish service\nEnglish Multiplexed Information and Computing Service\nEnglish Multics\n▲\nEnglish eunuchinflu.\nEnglish Unix\nEnglish gnuinflu.\nEnglish GNU's not Unixacronym\nEnglish GNU"
}
],
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],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ne"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ne"
],
[
"*h₂ey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ey-#Proto-Indo-European:_life"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂óyu"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiwaz"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/aiw#Proto-West_Germanic:_time"
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[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naiw"
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[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wekʷ-"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wékʷtis"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weǵʰ-"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéǵʰtis"
],
[
"*wihtą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wihtą"
],
[
"*wiht",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wiht"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naiwwiht"
],
[
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"nawiht#Old_English"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Old English/noht"
],
[
"nought",
"nought#Middle_English"
],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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[
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],
[
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[
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],
[
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],
[
"-plex",
"-plex#Latin"
],
[
"multiplex",
"multiplex#Latin"
],
[
"multiplexed",
"multiplex#English"
],
[
"*h₁én",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én#Proto-Indo-European:_in"
],
[
"*en",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/en#Proto-Italic:_in"
],
[
"*en-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/en-#Proto-Italic:_in"
],
[
"in-",
"in-#Latin:_in"
],
[
"μορφή",
"μορφή#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
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"forma#Latin"
],
[
"fōrmō",
"formo#Latin"
],
[
"īnfōrmō",
"informo#Latin"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
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],
[
"enformacioun",
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],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"*kom-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom-#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"con-",
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],
[
"putus",
"putus#Latin:_pure"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
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[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"computer#French:_compute"
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[
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"compute#English"
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[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser-#Proto-Indo-European:_guard"
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[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/serwos#Proto-Italic:_guardian"
],
[
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"servus#Latin"
],
[
"*-(i)yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"*-ios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ios#Proto-Italic:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ios",
"-ios#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
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[
"-ius",
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[
"-ia",
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[
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[
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[
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"servise#Old_French"
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[
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],
[
"servise",
"servise#Middle_English"
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[
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"service#English"
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[
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