Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗name
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryPeople's Republic of Benin, from 1975 to 1990 · Republic of Benin, since 1990 · A historical kingdom in West Africa, in present-day Nigeria.
Etymology tree Proto-Yoruboid *ú-lí Yoruba ile Yoruba ì- Yoruba bí Proto-Edekiri *ɪ́-nʊ̃́ Proto-Edekiri *ɪ́-lʊ̃́ Yoruba inú Yoruba ibinu Yoruba ile ibinubor. Itsekiri Ubinubor. Portuguese Benimbor. French Béninbor. English Benin Borrowed from French Bénin, from Portuguese Benim, from Itsekiri Ubinu. The term is first documented in the late 1490s upon Portuguese contact with the Itsekiri Kingdom. The etymology is unclear; it appears Benin was always used as an exonym (probably by the Itsekiri and Yoruba) for the Benin Kingdom, which was always referred to as Ẹ̀dó, and older Ìgòdòmigòdò. The leading hypothesis is that the term originally derived from Yoruba ilẹ̀ ìbínú (“land of anger”), which emerges from a folk myth regarding purported founder of the Benin empire, Oranmiyan, who was a Yoruba prince, who referred to the region by this phrase because of his frustration in ruling the land.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Borrowed-form mentionBéninfr
- Derivation mentionBenimpt
- Derivation mentionUbinuits
- Derivation mentionilẹ̀ ìbínúyo · land of anger
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:Bénin",
"tree": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Yoruboid *ú-lí\nYoruba ile\nYoruba ì-\nYoruba bí\nProto-Edekiri *ɪ́-nʊ̃́\nProto-Edekiri *ɪ́-lʊ̃́\nYoruba inú\nYoruba ibinu\nYoruba ile ibinubor.\nItsekiri Ubinubor.\nPortuguese Benimbor.\nFrench Béninbor.\nEnglish Benin\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Yoruboid\", \"term\" : \"*ú-lí\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"alv-yrd-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yoruba\", \"term\" : \"ile\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"yo\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yoruba\", \"term\" : \"ì-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"yo\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yoruba\", \"term\" : \"bí\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"yo\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Edekiri\", \"term\" : \"*ɪ́-nʊ̃́\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"alv-edk-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Edekiri\", \"term\" : \"*ɪ́-lʊ̃́\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"alv-edk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yoruba\", \"term\" : \"inú\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"yo\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yoruba\", \"term\" : \"ibinu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"yo\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yoruba\", \"term\" : \"ile ibinu\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"yo\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Itsekiri\", \"term\" : \"Ubinu\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"its\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"Benim\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"Bénin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Benin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Benin\">"
},
{
"name": "bor+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "Bénin"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French Bénin"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pt",
"3": "Benim"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese Benim"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "its",
"3": "Ubinu"
},
"expansion": "Itsekiri Ubinu"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yo",
"3": "ilẹ̀ ìbínú",
"t": "land of anger"
},
"expansion": "Yoruba ilẹ̀ ìbínú (“land of anger”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:Bénin",
"tree": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Yoruboid *ú-lí\nYoruba ile\nYoruba ì-\nYoruba bí\nProto-Edekiri *ɪ́-nʊ̃́\nProto-Edekiri *ɪ́-lʊ̃́\nYoruba inú\nYoruba ibinu\nYoruba ile ibinubor.\nItsekiri Ubinubor.\nPortuguese Benimbor.\nFrench Béninbor.\nEnglish Benin"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ú-lí",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Yoruboid/ú-lí"
],
[
"ile",
"ile#Yoruba"
],
[
"ì-",
"i-#Yoruba"
],
[
"bí",
"bi#Yoruba"
],
[
"*ɪ́-nʊ̃́",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Edekiri/ɪ́-nʊ̃́"
],
[
"*ɪ́-lʊ̃́",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Edekiri/ɪ́-lʊ̃́"
],
[
"inú",
"inu#Yoruba"
],
[
"ibinu",
"ibinu#Yoruba"
],
[
"ile",
"ile#Yoruba"
],
[
"ibinu",
"ibinu#Yoruba"
],
[
"Ubinu",
"Ubinu#Itsekiri"
],
[
"Benim",
"Benim#Portuguese"
],
[
"Bénin",
"Bénin#French"
],
[
"ile",
"ile"
],
[
"ibinu",
"ibinu"
],
[
"Bénin",
"Bénin#French"
],
[
"Benim",
"Benim#Portuguese"
],
[
"Ubinu",
"Ubinu#Itsekiri"
],
[
"Ẹ̀dó",
"Ẹdo#Edo"
],
[
"Ìgòdòmigòdò",
"Ìgòdòmigòdò"
],
[
"ilẹ̀",
"ilẹ#Yoruba"
],
[
"ìbínú",
"ibinu#Yoruba"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "ベニン",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Benin"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "name",
"glosses": [
"People's Republic of Benin, from 1975 to 1990",
"Republic of Benin, since 1990",
"A historical kingdom in West Africa, in present-day Nigeria."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "5943f2b1816486e8a22d052a5ece6f36beb69950fdec53cb70cd2eb06c92e14a",
"rawRecordSha256": "f1bf7501d046953e23fbca7b279f7552d9a326c3cf53fdd1925c3dd1b9714861",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 11439
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}