Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Of, from or relating to Afghanistan, its people, or its culture. · Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community.
name
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryPashto, a language primarily spoken by Pashtun people in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. · Clipping of Afghanistan.
Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afġān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hápa, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hápa (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: "people from a distant land". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are "extremely difficult to reconcile" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"2": ":bor",
"3": "fa-cls:افغان<id:Afghani>"
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},
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},
{
"name": "der",
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},
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{
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{
"name": "der",
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"2": "ine-pro",
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},
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"افغان",
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],
[
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[
"*apāka-",
"Reconstruction:Bactrian/apāka-"
],
[
"*Hápa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hápa"
],
[
"*Hápa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hápa"
],
[
"*h₂epó",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂epó"
],
[
"*-āna",
"Reconstruction:Bactrian/-āna"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
]
],
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"descendants": [],
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{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Of, from or relating to Afghanistan, its people, or its culture.",
"Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community."
],
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