Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗name
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryIn the United States, a youth organization administered by the Cooperative Extension System of the United States Department of Agriculture with the mission of "engaging youth to reach their fullest potential while advancing the field of youth development."
Derived from the four beginning letters of "Head, Heart, Hands, and Health", the organization's former motto. Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr Proto-Germanic *fedwōr Proto-West Germanic *feuwar Old English fēower Middle English four English four substratebor.? Proto-Indo-European *kap-? Proto-Indo-European *kap- Proto-Indo-European *káput Proto-Germanic *haubudą Old English hēafod Middle English heed English head Proto-Germanic *handuz Proto-West Germanic *handu Old English hand Middle English hond English hand Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ms Proto-Indo-European *-omsder. Proto-Germanic *-anzder.? Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂m̥s Proto-Germanic *-ōz Proto-Germanic *-ōsder.? Old English -as Middle English -es English -s English hands Proto-Indo-European *ḱerd- Proto-Indo-European *ḱérd Proto-Germanic *hertô Proto-West Germanic *hertā Old English heorte Middle English herte English heart English 4-H
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "four",
"3": "head",
"4": "hands",
"5": "heart",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr\nProto-Germanic *fedwōr\nProto-West Germanic *feuwar\nOld English fēower\nMiddle English four\nEnglish four\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *káput\nProto-Germanic *haubudą\nOld English hēafod\nMiddle English heed\nEnglish head\nProto-Germanic *handuz\nProto-West Germanic *handu\nOld English hand\nMiddle English hond\nEnglish hand\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ms\nProto-Indo-European *-omsder.\nProto-Germanic *-anzder.?\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂m̥s\nProto-Germanic *-ōz\nProto-Germanic *-ōsder.?\nOld English -as\nMiddle English -es\nEnglish -s\nEnglish hands\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerd-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱérd\nProto-Germanic *hertô\nProto-West Germanic *hertā\nOld English heorte\nMiddle English herte\nEnglish heart\nEnglish 4-H\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fedwōr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*feuwar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"fēower\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"four\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"four\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"seize\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*káput\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*haubudą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hēafod\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"heed\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"head\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*handuz\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*handu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hand\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hond\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hand\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ms\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-oms\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-anz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"accusative plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂m̥s\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-as\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hands\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heart\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heart\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱerd-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱérd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hertô\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hertā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"heorte\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"herte\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"heart\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"4-H\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"4-H\">"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "four",
"3": "head",
"4": "hands",
"5": "heart",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr\nProto-Germanic *fedwōr\nProto-West Germanic *feuwar\nOld English fēower\nMiddle English four\nEnglish four\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *káput\nProto-Germanic *haubudą\nOld English hēafod\nMiddle English heed\nEnglish head\nProto-Germanic *handuz\nProto-West Germanic *handu\nOld English hand\nMiddle English hond\nEnglish hand\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ms\nProto-Indo-European *-omsder.\nProto-Germanic *-anzder.?\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂m̥s\nProto-Germanic *-ōz\nProto-Germanic *-ōsder.?\nOld English -as\nMiddle English -es\nEnglish -s\nEnglish hands\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerd-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱérd\nProto-Germanic *hertô\nProto-West Germanic *hertā\nOld English heorte\nMiddle English herte\nEnglish heart\nEnglish 4-H"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*kʷetwṓr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwóres"
],
[
"*fedwōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fedwōr"
],
[
"*feuwar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/feuwar"
],
[
"fēower",
"feower#Old_English"
],
[
"four",
"four#Middle_English"
],
[
"four",
"four#English"
],
[
"*kap-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-#Proto-Indo-European:_seize"
],
[
"*kap-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-#Proto-Indo-European:_head"
],
[
"*káput",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/káput#Proto-Indo-European:_head"
],
[
"*haubudą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haubudą#Proto-Germanic:_head"
],
[
"hēafod",
"heafod#Old_English:_head"
],
[
"heed",
"heed#Middle_English:_head"
],
[
"head",
"head#English"
],
[
"*handuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handuz"
],
[
"*handu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/handu"
],
[
"hand",
"hand#Old_English"
],
[
"hond",
"hond#Middle_English"
],
[
"hand",
"hand#English"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
"*-ms",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ms"
],
[
"*-oms",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-oms"
],
[
"*-anz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-anz"
],
[
"*-éh₂m̥s",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂m̥s"
],
[
"*-ōz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōz#Proto-Germanic:_accusative_plural"
],
[
"*-ōs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōs"
],
[
"-as",
"-as#Old_English:_plural"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#Middle_English:_plural"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#English:_plural"
],
[
"hands",
"hands#English"
],
[
"*ḱerd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerd-#Proto-Indo-European:_heart"
],
[
"*ḱérd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱérd"
],
[
"*hertô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hertô"
],
[
"*hertā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hertā"
],
[
"heorte",
"heorte#Old_English"
],
[
"herte",
"herte#Middle_English:_heart"
],
[
"heart",
"heart#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "name",
"glosses": [
"In the United States, a youth organization administered by the Cooperative Extension System of the United States Department of Agriculture with the mission of \"engaging youth to reach their fullest potential while advancing the field of youth development.\""
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "cf6dc0b4afd62d7a74d57a0f9a7d5b09d84d965f709cc051e8a2b9d7f24c2dd5",
"rawRecordSha256": "a6a85ed92547d1fe006843a3466130a4fac44f9fbfc5a6bdd96a27caabadd19f",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 863156
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}