Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryDiminutive suffix.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Indo-European *-trom Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom Latin -ulader. Proto-Indo-European *-lós Proto-Indo-European *-elós Proto-Italic *-elos Latin -ulusder. ▲ Latin -ulader. ▲ Proto-Indo-European *-tlom Proto-Italic *-klom? ▲ Proto-Italic *-elos? Latin -ulumder. French -uleder. English -ule Derived from Latin -ula and French -ule.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"1": "en",
"2": ":der<conj:and>",
"3": "la:-ula<id:instrument>",
"4": "fr:-ule",
"tree": "1",
"text": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom\nLatin -ulader.\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulusder.\n▲\nLatin -ulader.\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-tlom\nProto-Italic *-klom?\n▲\nProto-Italic *-elos?\nLatin -ulumder.\nFrench -uleder.\nEnglish -ule\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"instrument\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tlom, *-dʰlom\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"tool noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tlom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"instrument\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-tlom<alt:*-tlom, *-dʰlom>\", \"id\" : \"instrument\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"title\" : \"-ula\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"instrument\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"instrument\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"ine-pro:*-trom<id:tool noun>\", \"id\" : \"instrument\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tlom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-klom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"itc-pro\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:<alt:*-elós><ety:from<*-lós<id:agent nouns>>>\", \"id\" : \"diminutive\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulum\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ule\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ule\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ule\">\nDerived from Latin -ula and French -ule."
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der<conj:and>",
"3": "la:-ula<id:instrument>",
"4": "fr:-ule",
"tree": "1",
"text": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom\nLatin -ulader.\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulusder.\n▲\nLatin -ulader.\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-tlom\nProto-Italic *-klom?\n▲\nProto-Italic *-elos?\nLatin -ulumder.\nFrench -uleder.\nEnglish -ule\nDerived from Latin -ula and French -ule."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*-tḗr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tḗr#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_noun"
],
[
"*-om",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-om"
],
[
"*-trom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom#Proto-Indo-European:_tool_noun"
],
[
"*-tlom, *-dʰlom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tlom"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Latin:_instrument"
],
[
"*-lós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-elos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos#Proto-Italic:_diminutive"
],
[
"-ulus",
"-ulus#Latin"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Latin:_instrument"
],
[
"*-tlom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tlom#Proto-Indo-European:_instrument"
],
[
"*-klom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-klom"
],
[
"*-elos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos"
],
[
"-ulum",
"-ulum#Latin:_instrument"
],
[
"-ule",
"-ule#French"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Latin:_instrument"
],
[
"-ule",
"-ule#French"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Diminutive suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
],
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}