Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used.
From rebracketed Middle English -cioun, rebracketed borrowing of Old French -tion, -cion, borrowed from the stem of Latin -tiō. The Middle English -cioun became -tion in Modern English under the influence of the Middle French -tion and original Latin spellings. Always -ate or t-final/te-final base + -ion.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-cioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -cioun"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-tion"
},
"expansion": "Old French -tion"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-tiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin -tiō"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "",
"4": "-cioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -cioun"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-tion"
},
"expansion": "Middle French -tion"
}
],
"links": [
[
"-cioun",
"-cioun#Middle_English"
],
[
"-tion",
"-tion#Old_French"
],
[
"-cion",
"-cion#Old_French"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
"-tion",
"-tion#Middle_French"
],
[
"-ate",
"-ate#English"
],
[
"-ion",
"-ion#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "-syen",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "-sen",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns meaning \"the action of (a verb)\" or \"the result of (a verb)\". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "3919961ca607123428de97cbd07a87d23ad542efe510ec9029e3c18fc746df0d",
"rawRecordSha256": "edaa39744975eaaf35b402fd905b823ee8cc8d0ea21ada1c3c074842c5811fb8",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 157250
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}