Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA diminutive suffix used to add an element of childishness, informality, affectionateness, or levity to a word.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ms Proto-Indo-European *-omsder. Proto-Germanic *-anzder.? Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂m̥s Proto-Germanic *-ōz Proto-Germanic *-ōsder.? Old English -as Middle English -es English -s Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y ▲ English -s English -sies From -s (plural marker) + -y (diminutive marker) + -s (plural marker).
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "-s<id:plural><pos:plural marker>",
"4": "-y<id:diminutive><pos:diminutive marker>",
"5": "-s<id:plural><pos:plural marker>",
"tree": "1",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ms\nProto-Indo-European *-omsder.\nProto-Germanic *-anzder.?\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂m̥s\nProto-Germanic *-ōz\nProto-Germanic *-ōsder.?\nOld English -as\nMiddle English -es\nEnglish -s\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\n▲\nEnglish -s\nEnglish -sies\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ms\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-oms\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-anz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"accusative plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂m̥s\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-as\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"en\", \"pos\" : \"plural marker\" }, { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i, *-ī\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-j-, *-ij-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-j-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\", \"pos\" : \"diminutive marker\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"plural\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:-es<id:plural>\", \"id\" : \"plural\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"en\", \"pos\" : \"plural marker\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-sies\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-sies\">\nFrom -s (plural marker) + -y (diminutive marker) + -s (plural marker)."
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "-s<id:plural><pos:plural marker>",
"4": "-y<id:diminutive><pos:diminutive marker>",
"5": "-s<id:plural><pos:plural marker>",
"tree": "1",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ms\nProto-Indo-European *-omsder.\nProto-Germanic *-anzder.?\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂m̥s\nProto-Germanic *-ōz\nProto-Germanic *-ōsder.?\nOld English -as\nMiddle English -es\nEnglish -s\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\n▲\nEnglish -s\nEnglish -sies\nFrom -s (plural marker) + -y (diminutive marker) + -s (plural marker)."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
"*-ms",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ms"
],
[
"*-oms",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-oms"
],
[
"*-anz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-anz"
],
[
"*-éh₂m̥s",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂m̥s"
],
[
"*-ōz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōz#Proto-Germanic:_accusative_plural"
],
[
"*-ōs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōs"
],
[
"-as",
"-as#Old_English:_plural"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#Middle_English:_plural"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#English:_plural"
],
[
"*-j-, *-ij-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-j-"
],
[
"*-i, *-ī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-i"
],
[
"-iġ",
"-ig#Old_English:_diminutive"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#Middle_English:_diminutive"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English:_diminutive"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#English:_plural"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#English:_plural"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English:_diminutive"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#English:_plural"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"A diminutive suffix used to add an element of childishness, informality, affectionateness, or levity to a word."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "acd49676eae223fbb41f6fa4302d93896ec01ed41b2522f39c7ab4ca3475f464",
"rawRecordSha256": "54bd8e5777f4cd66b6cac0aa4ff6427df9c60ec1a7a785825aa6fee8517a155a",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 4086737
}
],
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}