*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of -ry

Etymology tree Proto-Italic *-āsios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Old French -ier Latin -ia Old French -ie Old French -eriebor. Middle English -erieaph. Middle English -re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye English -ry Inherited from

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
suffix

Alternative form of -ery.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Italic *-āsios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Old French -ier Latin -ia Old French -ie Old French -eriebor. Middle English -erieaph. Middle English -re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye English -ry Inherited from Middle English -re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye, an apheretic form of -erie, borrowed from Old French -erie, from -ier + -ie.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:-re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye<ety:apheresis<enm:-erie>>",
        "text": "++",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erieaph.\nMiddle English -re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye\nEnglish -ry\n[Appendix:Glossary#apheresis|Apheretic form]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"abstract nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ia\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-erie\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-erie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"apheretic\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ry\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ry\">\nInherited from Middle English -re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye, an apheretic form of -erie, borrowed from Old French -erie, from -ier + -ie."
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "['enm:', <LINK(['-re']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['-ri']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['-rie']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['-ry']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['-rye']){} >, '<ety:apheresis<enm:-erie>>']",
        "text": "++",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erieaph.\nMiddle English -re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye\nEnglish -ry\nInherited from Middle English -re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye, an apheretic form of -erie, borrowed from Old French -erie, from -ier + -ie."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*-āsios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
    ],
    [
      "-ier",
      "-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "-ia",
      "-ia#Latin:_abstract_noun"
    ],
    [
      "-ie",
      "-ie#Old_French:_abstract_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "-erie",
      "-erie#Old_French:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-erie",
      "-erie#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-re",
      "-re#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ri",
      "-ri#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-rie",
      "-rie#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ry",
      "-ry#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-rye",
      "-rye#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-re",
      "-re"
    ],
    [
      "-ri",
      "-ri"
    ],
    [
      "-rie",
      "-rie"
    ],
    [
      "-ry",
      "-ry"
    ],
    [
      "-rye",
      "-rye"
    ],
    [
      "-re",
      "-re#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ri",
      "-ri#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-rie",
      "-rie#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ry",
      "-ry#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-rye",
      "-rye#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-erie",
      "-erie#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-erie",
      "-erie#Old_French:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ier",
      "-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "-ie",
      "-ie#Old_French:_abstract_nouns"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -ery."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ],
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      "rawRecordSha256": "ecef07fa36a515701564987f3a03dda134c71dec94e182de6faa175cc2514275",
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for -ry →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-LXJ5