Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryForming nouns and adjectives meaning "loving", "friendly", or "friend".
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰil- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-o-s Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos)bor. Latin -philalbor. English -phile Learned borrowing from Latin -phila, from Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-phila<id:loving>",
"id": "loving",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰil-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *bʰil-o-s\nAncient Greek φίλος (phílos)bor.\nLatin -philalbor.\nEnglish -phile\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"loving\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"dear\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰil-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰil-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"φίλος\", \"gloss\" : \"dear, beloved\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-phila\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-phile\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"loving\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-phile\" id=\"English:_loving\">"
},
{
"name": "lbor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-phila"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin -phila"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φίλος",
"4": "",
"5": "dear, beloved"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-phila<id:loving>",
"id": "loving",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰil-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *bʰil-o-s\nAncient Greek φίλος (phílos)bor.\nLatin -philalbor.\nEnglish -phile"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*bʰil-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰil-"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"φίλος",
"φίλος#Ancient_Greek:_dear"
],
[
"-phila",
"-phila#Latin:_loving"
],
[
"-phila",
"-phila#Latin"
],
[
"φίλος",
"φίλος#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns and adjectives meaning \"loving\", \"friendly\", or \"friend\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "fe6eda409f8d9e5482728ed7259e12455ac0420844c508ebc705f1a0ac2c5492",
"rawRecordSha256": "a95374380cb7edcc8bb450daedf739e5fb4abf0ac91c65e6f29fae5c116653b9",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 312140
}
],
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}
}