Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventorydeficiency
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-der. Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Proto-Hellenic *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek πένης (pénēs) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā) Ancient Greek πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā)bor. English -penia Borrowed from Ancient Greek πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā, “poverty, lack”).
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:πενῐ́ᾱ<t:poverty, lack>",
"tree": "1",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-der.\nAncient Greek πένομαι (pénomai)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek πένης (pénēs)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)\nAncient Greek πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā)bor.\nEnglish -penia\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"poverty, lack\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"poor\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)penh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πένομαι\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ēs\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ēs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ης\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πένης\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ίᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πενῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-penia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-penia\">\nBorrowed from Ancient Greek πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā, “poverty, lack”)."
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"name": "etymon",
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"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:πενῐ́ᾱ<t:poverty, lack>",
"tree": "1",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-der.\nAncient Greek πένομαι (pénomai)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek πένης (pénēs)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)\nAncient Greek πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā)bor.\nEnglish -penia\nBorrowed from Ancient Greek πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā, “poverty, lack”)."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*(s)penh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)penh₁-"
],
[
"πένομαι",
"πένομαι#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-ēs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ēs#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-ης",
"-ης#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"πένης",
"πένης#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
],
[
"*-i-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_i-extension"
],
[
"*-íā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-íā"
],
[
"-ίᾱ",
"-ία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"πενῐ́ᾱ",
"πενία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"πενῐ́ᾱ",
"πενία#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"deficiency"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
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