Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗A branch of learning; a study of a particular subject. · Speech, or a way of speaking, a narrative, logical discourse.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *lóǵos Proto-Hellenic *lógos Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā) Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor. Latin -logialbor. French -logiebor. English -logy The English -logy suffix originates with loanwords from the Greek, usually via Latin and French, where the suffix -λογία (-logía) is an integral part of the word loaned. E.g. astrology from astrologia, since the 16th century. The French -logie is a continuation of Latin -logia, ultimately from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía). Within Greek, the suffix is an -ία (-ía) abstract from λόγος (lógos, “account, explanation, narrative”), itself a verbal noun from λέγω (légō, “to say, speak, converse, tell a story”). Within English, the suffix becomes productive, especially to form names of sciences or departments of study, analogous to names of disciplines loaned from the Latin, such as astrology from astrologia or geology from geologia. Original compositions of terms with no precedent in Greek or Latin become common beginning in the later 18th century, sometimes imitating French or German templates (e.g. insectology, attested 1766, after French insectologie; terminology, attested 1801, after German Terminologie). In a third stage, from the 19th century, the suffix becomes productive enough to form nonce combinations with English terms with no Greek or Latin origin, such as undergroundology (1820), hatology (1837). Finally, from the second half of the 19th century, the suffix has also been used as a simplex as ology (plural ologies) and logy (plural logies), in parallel with and often alongside ism (plural isms).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leǵ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:-logie<id:branch of study>",
"id": "branch of study",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logiebor.\nEnglish -logy\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"branch of study\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"study\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"study\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"explanation\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*lóǵos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to collect\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*lógos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"λόγος\", \"gloss\" : \"explanation\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"abstract noun suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-λογῐ́ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-logia\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-logie\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-logy\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"branch of study\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-logy\" id=\"English:_branch_of_study\">"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-logie"
},
"expansion": "French -logie"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-logia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -logia"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-λογία"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:-logie<id:branch of study>",
"id": "branch of study",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logiebor.\nEnglish -logy"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*leǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_collect"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
"*lógos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/lógos"
],
[
"λόγος",
"λόγος#Ancient_Greek:_explanation"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
],
[
"*-i-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_i-extension"
],
[
"*-íā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-íā"
],
[
"-ῐ́ᾱ",
"-ία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-λογῐ́ᾱ",
"-λογία#Ancient_Greek:_study"
],
[
"-logia",
"-logia#Latin:_study"
],
[
"-logie",
"-logie#French:_branch_of_study"
],
[
"-λογία",
"-λογία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"astrology",
"astrology#English"
],
[
"astrologia",
"astrologia#Latin"
],
[
"-logie",
"-logie#French"
],
[
"-logia",
"-logia#Latin"
],
[
"-λογία",
"-λογία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ία",
"-ία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"λόγος",
"λόγος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"λέγω",
"λέγω#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"converse",
"converse"
],
[
"astrology",
"astrology#English"
],
[
"astrologia",
"astrologia#Latin"
],
[
"geology",
"geology#English"
],
[
"geologia",
"geologia#Latin"
],
[
"insectology",
"insectology#English"
],
[
"insectologie",
"insectologie#French"
],
[
"terminology",
"terminology#English"
],
[
"Terminologie",
"Terminologie#German"
],
[
"nonce",
"nonce"
],
[
"undergroundology",
"undergroundology#English"
],
[
"hatology",
"hatology#English"
],
[
"simplex",
"simplex"
],
[
"ology",
"ology#English"
],
[
"logy",
"logy#English"
],
[
"ism",
"ism#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"A branch of learning; a study of a particular subject.",
"Speech, or a way of speaking, a narrative, logical discourse."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"recordId": "d49a97099700e0b6ba3f0070e2216d9ca6a4991b5a3ac9e5f02776c4101799c4",
"rawRecordSha256": "68b25ba7d5bca84d9629e9840cffe203f71aa25ea0f0ad13c473a72e5bc17e53",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 32281
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}