Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventorysmall, immature, miniature · follower or resident
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-lósder. Proto-Germanic *-ilaz Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.? Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Germanic *-īnaz Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz ? Proto-Germanic *-ingaz Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz Proto-West Germanic *-ling Old English -ling Middle English -ling English -ling From Middle English -ling, from Old English -ling, from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-lingaz, a nominal suffix, probably composed of Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent/instrumental/diminutive suffix) + Proto-Germanic *-ingaz (patronymic suffix). Akin to Dutch -ling, German -ling, Icelandic -lingur, Gothic -𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (-liggs). More at -le, -ing.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ling<id:diminutive>",
"id": "diminutive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lósder.\nProto-Germanic *-ilaz\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *-ilingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ling\nOld English -ling\nMiddle English -ling\nEnglish -ling\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-n̥kʷo-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ling\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ling\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ling\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ling\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ling\" id=\"English:_diminutive\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ling"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ling"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ling"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ling"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ling"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-lingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-lingaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingaz"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ling"
},
"expansion": "German -ling"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-lingur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -lingur"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (-liggs)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ling<id:diminutive>",
"id": "diminutive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lósder.\nProto-Germanic *-ilaz\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *-ilingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ling\nOld English -ling\nMiddle English -ling\nEnglish -ling"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*-lós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-ilaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz#Proto-Germanic:_diminutive"
],
[
"*-n̥kʷo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-n̥kʷo-"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-iHnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos"
],
[
"*-īnaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-īnaz"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-gaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gaz"
],
[
"*-ingaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ingaz"
],
[
"*-ilingaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilingaz"
],
[
"*-ling",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ling"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Old_English:_diminutive"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Middle_English:_diminutive"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Old_English"
],
[
"*-ling",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ling"
],
[
"*-lingaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-lingaz"
],
[
"*-ilaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz"
],
[
"*-ingaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ingaz"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#Dutch"
],
[
"-ling",
"-ling#German"
],
[
"-lingur",
"-lingur#Icelandic"
],
[
"-𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃",
"-𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"-le",
"-le#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"small, immature, miniature",
"follower or resident"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "e3e6e6878ca0148ae12a652f2d724bb82298c4326043c3f7147e54d8c5745fed",
"rawRecordSha256": "8f4dbe886212838837c7e64395e2f200dc7d9a19d397fb7bcee38930d72873b8",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 444631
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}