Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAs true nouns. · As gerunds. · Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.
Inherited from Middle English -ing, -yng, -ynge, from Old English -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō (“-ing”). Cognates Cognate with Scots -in, -in', -ing (“-ing”), Yola -een (“-ing”), Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), German and Luxembourgish -ung (“-ing”), Danish -ing, -ning (“-ing”), Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish -ing (“-ing”), French -ange (“-ing”). Unrelated to Brahui -اِنْگ (-iṅg, “a suffix used to form infinitive or verbal noun from the base verb; -ing”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ynge<id:gerund noun>",
"id": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ung\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ynge\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"gerund noun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ing\" id=\"English:_gerund_noun\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ing"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ing"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ing"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ingu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ingu"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ungō",
"4": "*-ingō, *-ungō",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō (“-ing”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-in"
},
"expansion": "Scots -in"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "-een",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Yola -een (“-ing”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-enge",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ing (“-ing”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de,lb",
"2": "-ung",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "German and Luxembourgish -ung (“-ing”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Danish -ing"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is,nb,nn,sv",
"2": "-ing",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish -ing (“-ing”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ange",
"t": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "French -ange (“-ing”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "false cognate",
"2": "Unrelated"
},
"expansion": "Unrelated"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "brh",
"2": "-اِنْگ",
"tr": "-iṅg",
"t": "a suffix used to form infinitive or verbal noun from the base verb; -ing"
},
"expansion": "Brahui -اِنْگ (-iṅg, “a suffix used to form infinitive or verbal noun from the base verb; -ing”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ynge<id:gerund noun>",
"id": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Middle_English"
],
[
"-yng",
"-yng#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ynge",
"-ynge#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Old_English"
],
[
"-ung",
"-ung#Old_English"
],
[
"*-ingu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ingu"
],
[
"*-ungu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ungu"
],
[
"*-ingō, *-ungō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ungō"
],
[
"-in",
"-in#Scots"
],
[
"-in'",
"-in'#Scots"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Scots"
],
[
"-een",
"-een#Yola"
],
[
"-enge",
"-enge#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Dutch"
],
[
"German",
"-ung#German"
],
[
"-ung",
"-ung#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Danish"
],
[
"-ning",
"-ning#Danish"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"-ing#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"-ing#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"-ing#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Swedish"
],
[
"-ange",
"-ange#French"
],
[
"-اِنْگ",
"-انگ#Brahui"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"As true nouns.",
"As gerunds.",
"Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "c9247d1490c662b7028ca5e52413e8891773fc5c9023b30519a4921274f2c6c2",
"rawRecordSha256": "e843174f462be73f98a5ed490cdef4f927e4a1203479b99c74e0fcc26a9edad1",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 185645
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}