*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of -ie

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English -ie Variant spelling of -y, with the spelling possibly influenced by the cognate Scots -ie.

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
suffix

Forming diminutive or affectionate forms of nouns or names. · Forming feminine or gender‐neutral forms of given names. · Forms colloquial clippings (often functioning as familiarizers), truncating the root to a single stressed syllable. · Forming colloquial nouns signifying the person or thing associated with the suffixed noun or verb.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English -ie Variant spelling of -y, with the spelling possibly influenced by the cognate Scots -ie.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Derivation mention-iesco

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "-y<id:diminutive>",
        "tree": "1",
        "id": "diminutive"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_diminutive\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sco",
        "3": "-ie"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots -ie"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "-y<id:diminutive>",
        "tree": "1",
        "id": "diminutive"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*-j-, *-ij-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-j-"
    ],
    [
      "*-i, *-ī",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-i"
    ],
    [
      "-iġ",
      "-ig#Old_English:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Middle_English:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#English:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Etymology_2"
    ],
    [
      "-ie",
      "-ie#Scots"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "Forming diminutive or affectionate forms of nouns or names.",
        "Forming feminine or gender‐neutral forms of given names.",
        "Forms colloquial clippings (often functioning as familiarizers), truncating the root to a single stressed syllable.",
        "Forming colloquial nouns signifying the person or thing associated with the suffixed noun or verb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "Australia",
        "New-Zealand",
        "UK"
      ],
      "recordId": "815ebfc2de763cc5669d96bf9931d0c0dd667d0f30c942a396ab685e3602f099",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8fea4095918dc70f718aee3de3f4adfdec5350be4b2e71edf7c6009cba7577c8",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 177543
    }
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
suffix

Alternative spelling of -y (adjectival suffix).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English -ie Variant spelling of -y (adjectival suffix).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "-y<id:adjectival>",
        "tree": "1",
        "id": "adjectival"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-g\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"adjectival\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_adjectival\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "-y<id:adjectival>",
        "tree": "1",
        "id": "adjectival"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*-kos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-gaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gaz#Proto-Germanic:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-g",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-g#Proto-West_Germanic:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "-iġ",
      "-ig#Old_English:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Middle_English:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#English:_adjectival"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative spelling of -y (adjectival suffix)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "archaic",
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "recordId": "0005e0e40357627f28fd95ecb43ce0666ecdfe3b6960ae0523e3bfda41be1183",
      "rawRecordSha256": "3d36e6da6afb60be28adf2e14b75deb8c6d60f1abfff17ef42d0f3c83dfb3db7",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 177544
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
suffix

A photograph, especially a selfie.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *swé? Proto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *selbaz Old English self Middle English self English self Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English -ie English selfiebf. English -ie Back-formation from selfie.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bf",
        "3": "selfie",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1",
        "id": "selfie"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nMiddle English self\nEnglish self\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish selfiebf.\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#back-formation|Back-formation]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swé\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*selbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*selbaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i, *-ī\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-j-, *-ij-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-j-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"selfie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"back-formation\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"selfie\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_selfie\">\nBack-formation from selfie."
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bf",
        "3": "selfie",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1",
        "id": "selfie"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nMiddle English self\nEnglish self\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish selfiebf.\nEnglish -ie\nBack-formation from selfie."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*swé",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swé"
    ],
    [
      "*selbʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/selbʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "*selbaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/selbaz"
    ],
    [
      "self",
      "self#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "self",
      "self#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "self",
      "self#English"
    ],
    [
      "*-j-, *-ij-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-j-"
    ],
    [
      "*-i, *-ī",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-i"
    ],
    [
      "-iġ",
      "-ig#Old_English:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Middle_English:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#English:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-ie",
      "-ie#English:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "selfie",
      "selfie#English"
    ],
    [
      "selfie",
      "selfie#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "A photograph, especially a selfie."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for -ie →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-LWll