Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryUsed to form adjectives, nouns, demonyms (describing people of a particular city, region or country) or genonyms (describing people of a particular tribe, clan or family) and the language spoken by these people.
Etymology tree Proto-Afroasiatic Proto-Semitic Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)bor. ▲ Proto-Semitic Hebrew ־י (-i)bor. Middle Persian yḥ (īh) Middle Persian ig Persian ـی (-ī)bor. Proto-Indo-Iranian *i- Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas Sanskrit -इक (-ika) Proto-Indo-Iranian *-iHyas Sanskrit -ईय (-īya) Prakrit -इय (-iya) ▲ Classical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ. ▲ Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)influ. ▲ Sanskrit -ई (-ī)influ. Hindi -ई (-ī)bor. Urdu ـی (-ī)bor. English -i A conflation of the following suffixes: * For Semitic-speaking places, from the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) (nisba suffix) and from Hebrew ־י (-i), both sharing a common Semitic root. * For Indo-Iranian-speaking places, from Persian ـی (-ī) (cognate with the following and also conflated with the above) and Hindustani Hindi -ई (-ī) / Urdu ـی (-ī), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas, therefore a doublet of the homophonous suffix -y In English, productive since the 19th century.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:ـِيّ<id:nisba>",
"4": "he:־י",
"5": "fa:ـی<id:adjective>",
"6": "hi:-ई<id:adj>",
"7": "ur:ـی",
"id": "Indo-Semitic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Afroasiatic\nProto-Semitic\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)bor.\n▲\nProto-Semitic\nHebrew ־י (-i)bor.\nMiddle Persian yḥ (īh)\nMiddle Persian ig\nPersian ـی (-ī)bor.\nProto-Indo-Iranian *i-\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-kas\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas\nSanskrit -इक (-ika)\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-iHyas\nSanskrit -ईय (-īya)\nPrakrit -इय (-iya)\n▲\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ.\n▲\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)influ.\n▲\nSanskrit -ई (-ī)influ.\nHindi -ई (-ī)bor.\nUrdu ـی (-ī)bor.\nEnglish -i\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Semitic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Afroasiatic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"afa-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"sem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ـِيّ\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" }, { \"transliteration\" : \"-i\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Semitic\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"sem-pro\", \"2\" : \":inherited\", \"3\" : \"afa-pro:-\", \"status\" : \"inline\" }, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"sem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hebrew\", \"term\" : \"־י\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"he\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"transliteration\" : \"īh\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"yḥ\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"ig\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"transliteration\" : \"-ī\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـی\", \"lang\" : \"fa\" }, { \"id\" : \"adj\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-इय\", \"id\" : \"-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*i-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-kas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-ikas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-इक\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-iHyas\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-ईय\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Prakrit\", \"term\" : \"-𑀇𑀅\", \"lang\" : \"pra\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"fa\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"pal:yḥ<tr:īh>\", \"4\" : \"pal:ig\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizer\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـِی\", \"lang\" : \"fa-cls\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ar\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"sem-pro:-<ety:inh<afa-pro:->>\", \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"tree\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ـِيّ\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-ई\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-इन्\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Hindi\", \"term\" : \"-ई\", \"lang\" : \"hi\" }, { \"transliteration\" : \"-ī\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Urdu\", \"term\" : \"ـی\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ur\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-i\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"Indo-Semitic\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-i\" id=\"English:_Indo-Semitic\">"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ـِيّ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)"
},
{
"name": "q",
"args": {
"1": "nisba suffix"
},
"expansion": "(nisba suffix)"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "he",
"3": "־י",
"tr": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew ־י (-i)"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa",
"3": "ـی",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Persian ـی (-ī)"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-hnd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "-ई"
},
"expansion": "Hindi -ई (-ī)"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ur",
"3": "ـی",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu ـی (-ī)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:ـِيّ<id:nisba>",
"4": "he:־י",
"5": "fa:ـی<id:adjective>",
"6": "hi:-ई<id:adj>",
"7": "ur:ـی",
"id": "Indo-Semitic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Afroasiatic\nProto-Semitic\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)bor.\n▲\nProto-Semitic\nHebrew ־י (-i)bor.\nMiddle Persian yḥ (īh)\nMiddle Persian ig\nPersian ـی (-ī)bor.\nProto-Indo-Iranian *i-\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-kas\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas\nSanskrit -इक (-ika)\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-iHyas\nSanskrit -ईय (-īya)\nPrakrit -इय (-iya)\n▲\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ.\n▲\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)influ.\n▲\nSanskrit -ई (-ī)influ.\nHindi -ई (-ī)bor.\nUrdu ـی (-ī)bor.\nEnglish -i"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ـِيّ",
"ي#Arabic:_nisba"
],
[
"־י",
"־י#Hebrew"
],
[
"yḥ",
"yḥ#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"ig",
"ig#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"ـی",
"ـی#Persian:_adjective"
],
[
"*i-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/i-"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/-kas"
],
[
"*-ikas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/-ikas"
],
[
"-इक",
"-इक#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*-iHyas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/-iHyas#Proto-Indo-Iranian:_suffix"
],
[
"-ईय",
"-ईय#Sanskrit"
],
[
"-इय",
"-𑀇𑀅#Prakrit:_-"
],
[
"ـِی",
"ـی#Persian:_adjective"
],
[
"ـِيّ",
"ي#Arabic:_nisba"
],
[
"-ई",
"-इन्#Sanskrit"
],
[
"-ई",
"-ई#Hindi:_adj"
],
[
"ـی",
"ـی#Urdu"
],
[
"Semitic",
"Semitic"
],
[
"ـِيّ",
"ي#Arabic"
],
[
"nisba",
"نسبة"
],
[
"־י",
"־י#Hebrew"
],
[
"Indo-Iranian",
"Indo-Iranian"
],
[
"ـی",
"ـی#Persian"
],
[
"-ई",
"-ई#Hindi"
],
[
"ـی",
"ـی#Urdu"
],
[
"Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian"
],
[
"homophonous",
"homophonous"
],
[
"-y",
"-y"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives, nouns, demonyms (describing people of a particular city, region or country) or genonyms (describing people of a particular tribe, clan or family) and the language spoken by these people."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "8470f1fc9d6814f4e41bacef784fe7f7691dc10557ab5cc1c75263ff15c7e70a",
"rawRecordSha256": "ec5f991846afba4a51768ff09fc965e83ef4f42f6e74cc4ca77af13564791786",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 269889
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}