*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of -graph

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- Proto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō) Ancient Greek -ος (-os) Ancient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos)der. English -graph From Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos, “that wri

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
suffix

that writes · that is written · that draws or shows · that is drawn or shown

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- Proto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō) Ancient Greek -ος (-os) Ancient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos)der. English -graph From Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos, “that writes, describes”), from γράφω (gráphō, “to scratch, to scrape, to graze”), whence also -graphy.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "grc:-γρᾰ́φος",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos)der.\nEnglish -graph\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to carve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*grə́pʰō\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γράφω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"suffix forming compound adjectives (often nominalizable)\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γρᾰ́φος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-graph\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-graph\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-γράφος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "that writes, describes"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos, “that writes, describes”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "grc:-γρᾰ́φος",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos)der.\nEnglish -graph"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*gerbʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_carve"
    ],
    [
      "*grə́pʰō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/grə́pʰō#Proto-Hellenic:_to_scratch"
    ],
    [
      "γράφω",
      "γράφω#Ancient_Greek:_to_scratch"
    ],
    [
      "-ος",
      "-ος#Ancient_Greek:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-γρᾰ́φος",
      "-γράφος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "-γράφος",
      "-γράφος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "γράφω",
      "γράφω#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "-graphy",
      "-graphy#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "that writes",
        "that is written",
        "that draws or shows",
        "that is drawn or shown"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "metonymically"
      ],
      "recordId": "4b6b6fd54cb8670c25b41aacde644640253e5da56d641be227b1ece1255b32ee",
      "rawRecordSha256": "9f22857230b8a3fb3d7f348fb33f38997589f890ed319684016526aa1d750c00",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 222167
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for -graph →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-LWdyYXBo