Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryUsed to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós Proto-Germanic *fullaz Proto-Germanic *-fullaz Old English -ful Middle English -ful English -ful Inherited from Middle English -ful, -full, from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”); see full. Cognate with Scots -fu, Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), Dutch -vol (“-ful”), German -voll (“-ful”), Swedish -full (“-ful”), Danish -fuld (“-ful”), Icelandic -fullur, -fyllur (“-ful”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mention-fulenm
- Inherited-form mention-fulang
- Inherited-form mention*-fullazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*fullazgem-pro · full
- Cognate mention-fusco
- Cognate mention-fulstq · -ful
- Cognate mention-folfy · -ful
- Cognate mention-volnl · -ful
- Cognate mention-vollde · -ful
- Cognate mention-fullsv · -ful
- Cognate mention-fuldda · -ful
- Cognate mention-fulluris
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ful",
"id": "adjective",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós\nProto-Germanic *fullaz\nProto-Germanic *-fullaz\nOld English -ful\nMiddle English -ful\nEnglish -ful\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fullaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-fullaz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ful\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ful\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ful\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"adjective\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ful\" id=\"English:_adjective\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ful",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ful"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ful"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ful"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-fullaz",
"4": "",
"5": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fullaz",
"t": "full"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-fu"
},
"expansion": "Scots -fu"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-ful",
"t": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-fol",
"t": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -fol (“-ful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-vol",
"t": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -vol (“-ful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-voll",
"t": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "German -voll (“-ful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-full",
"t": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -full (“-ful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-fuld",
"t": "-ful"
},
"expansion": "Danish -fuld (“-ful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-fullur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -fullur"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ful",
"id": "adjective",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós\nProto-Germanic *fullaz\nProto-Germanic *-fullaz\nOld English -ful\nMiddle English -ful\nEnglish -ful"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*pleh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleh₁-"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*pl̥h₁nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pl̥h₁nós"
],
[
"*fullaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fullaz"
],
[
"*-fullaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-fullaz"
],
[
"-ful",
"-ful#Old_English"
],
[
"-ful",
"-ful#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ful",
"-ful#Middle_English"
],
[
"-full",
"-full#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ful",
"-ful#Old_English"
],
[
"-full",
"-full#Old_English"
],
[
"*-fullaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-fullaz"
],
[
"*fullaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fullaz"
],
[
"full",
"full#English"
],
[
"-fu",
"-fu#Scots"
],
[
"-ful",
"-ful#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"-fol",
"-fol#West_Frisian"
],
[
"-vol",
"-vol#Dutch"
],
[
"-voll",
"-voll#German"
],
[
"-full",
"-full#Swedish"
],
[
"-fuld",
"-fuld#Danish"
],
[
"-fullur",
"-fullur#Icelandic"
],
[
"-fyllur",
"-fyllur#Icelandic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "c63c88724f87342c313ddb412ffb617f422a11110bf699de7b707379862f7644",
"rawRecordSha256": "b95e0c9cf39fd28a621cee760b3a65e8f52e49a52a58975abdd3d5d3d3caf3e8",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 278663
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}