Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAdded to occupational etc. nouns to form other nouns meaning the "art, craft, or practice of." · Added to verbs to form nouns meaning "place of" (an art, craft, or practice). · Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "a class, group, or collection of." · Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "behavior characteristic of."
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós Proto-Italic *-āsijos Proto-Italic *-āsios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Old French -ier Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic *-ijos Proto-Italic *-ios Old Latin -ios Latin -ius Latin -ia Old French -ie Old French -eriebor. Middle English -erie English -ery From Middle English -erie, from Anglo-Norman -erie, which is from -ier + -ie; a suffix forming abstract nouns. The suffix first occurs in loans from Old French into Middle English, but becomes productive within English by the 16th century, in some instances properly a combination of the agent suffix -er with -y as in bakery, brewery, but also as a single suffix in terms like slavery, machinery (which are not derived from slaver or machiner). By surface analysis, -er + -y.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-erie",
"id": "forming nouns",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erie\nEnglish -ery\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : 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\"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"abstract nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ia\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-erie\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-erie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ery\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"forming nouns\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ery\" id=\"English:_forming_nouns\">"
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"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-erie"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -erie"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-erie"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman -erie"
},
{
"name": "af",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ier",
"3": "-ie",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ier + -ie"
},
{
"name": "surf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er",
"3": "-y<id:abstract noun>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, -er + -y"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-erie",
"id": "forming nouns",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erie\nEnglish -ery"
}
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"links": [
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-āsios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
],
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
],
[
"*-(i)yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"*-ios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ios#Proto-Italic:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ios",
"-ios#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ia",
"-ia#Latin:_abstract_noun"
],
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Old_French:_abstract_nouns"
],
[
"-erie",
"-erie#Old_French:_suf"
],
[
"-erie",
"-erie#Middle_English"
],
[
"-erie",
"-erie#Middle_English"
],
[
"-erie",
"-erie#Old_French"
],
[
"-ier",
"-ier#Old_French"
],
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Old_French"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#Etymology 3"
],
[
"bakery",
"bakery#English"
],
[
"brewery",
"brewery#English"
],
[
"slavery",
"slavery#English"
],
[
"machinery",
"machinery#English"
],
[
"slaver",
"slaver#English"
],
[
"machiner",
"machiner#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English:_abstract_noun"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Added to occupational etc. nouns to form other nouns meaning the \"art, craft, or practice of.\"",
"Added to verbs to form nouns meaning \"place of\" (an art, craft, or practice).",
"Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning \"a class, group, or collection of.\"",
"Added to nouns to form other nouns meaning \"behavior characteristic of.\""
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
],
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