Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAdded to the names of directions to form adjectives.
In form, from Middle English -erne, -ern, -ren, -ron (northern(e), northron, so(u)thern(e), sothron, etc), from Old English -erne (norþerne, etc), from Proto-Germanic *-r- (probably from rebracketing of *nurþrōnijaz etc) + *-ōnijaz, whence also Old High German -rōni, Old Saxon -rōni, Old Norse -rǿnn / Old Norse -ǿnn. In practice, possibly a back-formation from northern, southern, etc. (Contrast the -ern in hāliġern, etc., which is related to ærn (“place”).)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -erne"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erne"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erne"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -rōni"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-rōni"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -rōni"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-rǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -rǿnn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ǿnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ǿnn"
}
],
"links": [
[
"-erne",
"-erne#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ern",
"-ern#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ren",
"-ren#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ron",
"-ron#Middle_English"
],
[
"northern(e)",
"northerne#Middle_English"
],
[
"northron",
"northron#Middle_English"
],
[
"so(u)thern(e)",
"southerne#Middle_English"
],
[
"sothron",
"sothron#Middle_English"
],
[
"-erne",
"-erne#Old_English"
],
[
"norþerne",
"norþerne#Old_English"
],
[
"*-ōnijaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōnijaz"
],
[
"-rōni",
"-roni#Old_High_German"
],
[
"-rōni",
"-roni#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"-rǿnn",
"-rǿnn#Old_Norse"
],
[
"-ǿnn",
"-ǿnn#Old_Norse"
],
[
"northern",
"northern#English"
],
[
"southern",
"southern#English"
],
[
"-ern",
"-ern#Old_English"
],
[
"hāliġern",
"haligern#Old_English"
],
[
"ærn",
"ærn#Old_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Added to the names of directions to form adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "8b1b763a01f8db47a6c4d654c71117e1f48feced54ed671f35a450a528b8dde8",
"rawRecordSha256": "c9d45a5e10499ebd2520d372aacf8a42108a17457a086edc731c8b8297008e9a",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 2090219
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}