Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb. · Denotes a quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb.
From Middle English -n, -en, past participle ending of strong verbs (compare Middle English take(n), took, taken (“take, took, taken”)), from Old English -en and Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs (compare Old Norse taka, tók, tekinn (“take, took, taken”)), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-inaz, a variant of *-anaz. In Middle English, the suffix was often weakened to -e or disappeared (compare Southern Middle English do(n), dud(e), ydo (“do, did, done”)), but not in others (compare cume(n), com, ycume (“come, came, come”)), from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mention-nenm
- Cognate mentiontake(n), took, takenenm
- Inherited-form mention-enang
- Derivation mention-innnon
- Cognate mentiontaka, tók, tekinnnon
- Derivation mention*-inazgem-pro
- Cognate mentiondo(n), dud(e), ydoenm
- Derivation mention*-anazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*-nósine-pro
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"id": "past participle"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -n"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "take(n), took, taken",
"3": "",
"4": "take, took, taken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English take(n), took, taken (“take, took, taken”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "taka, tók, tekinn",
"3": "",
"4": "take, took, taken"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse taka, tók, tekinn (“take, took, taken”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inaz"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "do(n), dud(e), ydo",
"3": "",
"4": "do, did, done"
},
"expansion": "Middle English do(n), dud(e), ydo (“do, did, done”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-anaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"id": "past participle"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"-n",
"-n#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English"
],
[
"strong verb",
"strong verb"
],
[
"take",
"take#Middle_English"
],
[
"took",
"took#Middle_English"
],
[
"taken",
"taken#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Old_English"
],
[
"-inn",
"-inn#Old_Norse"
],
[
"taka",
"taka#Old_Norse"
],
[
"tók",
"tók#Old_Norse"
],
[
"tekinn",
"tekinn#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*-inaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inaz"
],
[
"*-anaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-anaz"
],
[
"do",
"do#Middle_English"
],
[
"dud",
"dud#Middle_English"
],
[
"ydo",
"ydo#Middle_English"
],
[
"cume",
"cume#Middle_English"
],
[
"com",
"com#Middle_English"
],
[
"ycume",
"ycume#Middle_English"
],
[
"*-anaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-anaz"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb.",
"Denotes a quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"archaic"
],
"recordId": "ab7bfdd21e57133b2b8135002a9d6e32e7f6b25f7029b567d7c48d86c2f763a1",
"rawRecordSha256": "20f54d7de2e0e1c43553cd61d6165784d38bf3f8dd94d5853e0db7a22735087d",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 221579
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}