Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing. · A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing.
From Middle English -and, -end, -ant, -nd, from Old English -ende, -ande, present participle ending of verbs, and -end, -nd, agent ending, both from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. More at -ing.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -and"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ende"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-andī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-andz",
"pos": "present participle suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts"
}
],
"links": [
[
"-and",
"-and#Middle_English"
],
[
"-end",
"-end#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ant",
"-ant#Middle_English"
],
[
"-nd",
"-nd#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ende",
"-ende#Old_English"
],
[
"-ande",
"-ande#Old_English"
],
[
"-end",
"-end#Old_English"
],
[
"-nd",
"-nd#Old_English"
],
[
"*-andī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-andī"
],
[
"*-andz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-andz"
],
[
"*-onts",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-onts"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English:_participial"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing.",
"A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "cab3d395b6515b93b58727e2d0c7e29361043f93093e4523394a24fe7621e8bf",
"rawRecordSha256": "5b8abc068767a49e8cb97a4e9fe1dde471fc8c094f65d66969c6a9d1166c01e8",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 1328409
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}