English word origin

Etymology of -ad

From Ancient Greek -άς (-ás) (genitive -άδος (-ádos)): a suffix forming feminine nouns.

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗

suffix

A unit or set (especially of a specified number).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Ancient Greek -άς (-ás) (genitive -άδος (-ádos)): a suffix forming feminine nouns.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Borrowed-form mention-άςgrc

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "1": "en",
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        "3": "-άς"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek -άς (-ás)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "-άς",
      "-άς#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "-άδος",
      "-άδος#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "A unit or set (especially of a specified number)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗

suffix

toward

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Derived from Latin ad (“at”), from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd. Coined by British anatomist John Barclay.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "la:ad<t:at>",
        "id": "toward",
        "text": "++"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"at\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"at\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éd\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ad\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"toward\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ad\" id=\"English:_toward\">\nDerived from Latin ad (“at”), from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd."
    },
    {
      "name": "coin",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Q6220644"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by British anatomist John Barclay"
    },
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        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "la:ad<t:at>",
        "id": "toward",
        "text": "++"
      },
      "expansion": "Derived from Latin ad (“at”), from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "ad",
      "ad#Latin"
    ],
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      "*ad",
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    ],
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    ]
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for -ad →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-LWFk