Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗forms adjectives with meaning "having the specified thing" · forms adjectives with meaning "characterized by the specified thing" · forms adjectives with meaning "resembling the specified thing" · ending of Latin- (ending in -ātus) and French-borrowed (ending in -é) participial adjectives
up until Early Modern English, formed regular past participles of verbs ending in -ate. Rare afterwards except in archaizing poetry, religious writing and Scotland. The alternative ending -ated was used from as early as Middle English
First attested in the 15th century; borrowed from Latin -ātus, the perfect passive participle ending of first conjugation verbs, also used to form participial adjectives from nouns. Before -ate was introduced as a suffix in Middle English, Latin-borrowed participial adjectives were written with final -at (Middle English desolat for modern desolate) and could also be used as past participles (see degenerate or communicate for remnants of it) with or without a corresponding verb ending in -aten; see Etymology 2. Doublet of -ee and, distantly, of -ed.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-ātus<id:adjective>",
"id": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ate\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"adjective\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ate\" id=\"English:_adjective\">"
},
{
"name": "bor+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ātus",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Latin -ātus"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "passive voice",
"2": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "past participle"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ee"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ee"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-ātus<id:adjective>",
"id": "adjective"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"-ātus",
"-atus#Latin"
],
[
"participial adjective",
"participial adjective"
],
[
"-ate",
"-ate#English"
],
[
"desolat",
"desolat#Middle_English"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate#English"
],
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate#English"
],
[
"communicate",
"communicate#English:_adjective"
],
[
"Etymology 2",
"#Etymology 2"
],
[
"-ee",
"-ee#English"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed#English:_past_participle"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives with meaning \"having the specified thing\"",
"forms adjectives with meaning \"characterized by the specified thing\"",
"forms adjectives with meaning \"resembling the specified thing\"",
"ending of Latin- (ending in -ātus) and French-borrowed (ending in -é) participial adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "1883484920d9b61348600dd2eec28db357f1d142a9936bb5ddea5f6fd65f3431",
"rawRecordSha256": "d398a0c86f04a0249c22e19ec5870c90024d17a61922a48901833b04a14bc6fd",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 438616
},
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"up until Early Modern English, formed regular past participles of verbs ending in -ate. Rare afterwards except in archaizing poetry, religious writing and Scotland. The alternative ending -ated was used from as early as Middle English"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "c3a74ed7c3eaf2ea60b388d907e1e9ec0e3165090f0b91151ea7c1a085e7f4b9",
"rawRecordSha256": "ecb7b63053911983a464e3610b51c84a6cee619af3270a61b947f7787c39a9e9",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 438617
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}