*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of -a

Learned borrowing from Latin -a (nominative second declension neuter plural suffix), plural counterpart to -um (nominative second declension neuter singular suffix).

10 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 10 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
suffix

plural of -um

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Learned borrowing from Latin -a (nominative second declension neuter plural suffix), plural counterpart to -um (nominative second declension neuter singular suffix).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Learned-borrowing mention-ala
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":lbor",
        "3": "la:-a<id:nominal>",
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      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"Latin plural\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-a\" id=\"English:_Latin_plural\">"
    },
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      "name": "lbor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-a",
        "pos": "nominative second declension neuter plural suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin -a (nominative second declension neuter plural suffix)"
    },
    {
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":lbor",
        "3": "la:-a<id:nominal>",
        "id": "Latin plural"
      },
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    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "-a",
      "-a#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-um",
      "-um#Latin"
    ]
  ],
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
suffix

plural of -on

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -α (-a, nominative second declension neuter plural suffix), plural counterpart to -ον (-on, nominative second declension neuter singular suffix).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Learned-borrowing mention-αgrc
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "2": ":lbor",
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    },
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        "pos": "nominative second declension neuter plural suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -α (-a, nominative second declension neuter plural suffix)"
    },
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    ],
    [
      "-ον",
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  ],
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
suffix

Marks singular nouns, with a foundation in Greek or Latin, often implying femininity, especially when contrasted with words terminating in -us. · Changes an element or substance into an oxide.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Learned borrowing from Latin -a (nominative first declension neuter singular suffix)

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Learned-borrowing mention-ala
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":lbor",
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      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"feminine\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-a\" id=\"English:_feminine\">"
    },
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        "pos": "nominative first declension neuter singular suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin -a (nominative first declension neuter singular suffix)"
    },
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    }
  ],
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    ]
  ],
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Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
suffix

Marks nouns, with a foundation in Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese, implying femininity.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Borrowed from Italian -a, Spanish -a, or Portuguese -a, all feminine noun suffixes from Latin -a.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Derivation mention-ala
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "ety",
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        "2": ":bor",
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        "5": "pt:-a",
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        "dot": ",",
        "id": "feminine"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"text\" : \"++\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"feminine suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-am\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Galician-Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"roa-opt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"feminine\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-a\" id=\"English:_feminine\">\nBorrowed from Italian -a, Spanish -a, or Portuguese -a,"
    },
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      "name": "lg",
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        "1": "feminine"
      },
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    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
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      },
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    },
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      },
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    }
  ],
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    ],
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      "-a",
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    ],
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      "-a",
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    ],
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Source etymology 5

Original entry ↗
suffix

Added for metrical reasons to songs, poetry and verse, or as an empty filler syllable to other speech.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Added especially for metrical reasons, or as an empty filler syllable.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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Source etymology 6

Original entry ↗
suffix

Alternative form of 've.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

A contraction of have.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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Source etymology 7

Original entry ↗
suffix

Clitic form of o' (contraction of of).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Contraction of of.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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}

Source etymology 8

Original entry ↗
suffix

to (infinitive marker)

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Contraction of to.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "to"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "contraction",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "Contraction of to"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "to"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "to",
      "to#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
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      "glosses": [
        "to (infinitive marker)"
      ],
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Source etymology 9

Original entry ↗
suffix

do (infinitive marker)

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Contraction of do.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "do"
      },
      "expansion": "Contraction of do"
    },
    {
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "do"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "do",
      "do#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
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        "do (infinitive marker)"
      ],
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}

Source etymology 10

Original entry ↗
suffix

Pronunciation spelling of -er (the agent noun suffix). · Pronunciation spelling of -er (the colloquial clipping suffix).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

A pronunciation spelling of -er, representing the unstressed schwa /ə/ in non-rhotic dialects.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "er spelling"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "pronunciation spelling",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-er",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "pronunciation spelling of -er"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "er spelling"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
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        "Pronunciation spelling of -er (the agent noun suffix).",
        "Pronunciation spelling of -er (the colloquial clipping suffix)."
      ],
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        "alt-of",
        "morpheme",
        "pronunciation-spelling",
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        "New-Zealand",
        "UK"
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for -a →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-LWE