Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAppended in general, often informally, stylistically, or jocularly, for reification of an attribute. · Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)". · Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often nonce words or terms in philosophy) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words.
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *-in- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ti Proto-Germanic *-ōną Proto-Germanic *-inōną Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- Proto-Germanic *-atjaną Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Germanic *-þuz Proto-Germanic *-assuz Proto-Germanic *-inassuz Proto-West Germanic *-nassī Old English -nes Middle English -nesse English -ness From Middle English -nes, -nesse, from Old English -nis, -nes, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz. This suffix was formed already in Proto-Germanic by false division of the final consonant *-n- of the preceding stem + the actual suffix *-assuz. The latter was in turn derived from an earlier *-at(s)-tuz, from the verbal suffix *-at-janą + the noun suffix *-þuz. Compare German -nis and Dutch -nis of the same origin.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-nesse<id:-ness>",
"id": "state of being",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-in-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂ti\nProto-Germanic *-ōną\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-inōną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ness\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-dyé-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-atjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-assuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-inassuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-nassī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-nes\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-nesse\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ness\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"state of being\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ness\" id=\"English:_state_of_being\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-nes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -nes"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-nis"
},
"expansion": "Old English -nis"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-nassī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-nassī"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inassuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inassuz"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-nis"
},
"expansion": "German -nis"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-nis"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -nis"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-nesse<id:-ness>",
"id": "state of being",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-in-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂ti\nProto-Germanic *-ōną\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti#Proto-Indo-European:_factitive_verb"
],
[
"*-ōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōną#Proto-Germanic:_verbal"
],
[
"*-inōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inōną#Proto-Germanic:_denominative"
],
[
"*-dyé-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dyé-#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal"
],
[
"*-atjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-atjaną#Proto-Germanic:_verbal"
],
[
"*-tus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus#Proto-Indo-European:_action_noun"
],
[
"*-þuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þuz#Proto-Germanic:_nominative"
],
[
"*-assuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-assuz#Proto-Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
"*-inassuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inassuz#Proto-Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
"*-nassī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-nassī#Proto-West_Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
"-nes",
"-nes#Old_English:_-ness"
],
[
"-nesse",
"-nesse#Middle_English:_-ness"
],
[
"-nes",
"-nes#Middle_English"
],
[
"-nesse",
"-nesse#Middle_English"
],
[
"-nis",
"-nis#Old_English"
],
[
"-nes",
"-nes#Old_English"
],
[
"*-nassī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-nassī"
],
[
"*-inassuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inassuz"
],
[
"*-n-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-n-"
],
[
"*-assuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-assuz"
],
[
"*-at(s)-tuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-at(s)-tuz"
],
[
"*-at-janą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-atjaną"
],
[
"*-þuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þuz"
],
[
"-nis",
"-nis#German"
],
[
"-nis",
"-nis#Dutch"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Appended in general, often informally, stylistically, or jocularly, for reification of an attribute.",
"Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning \"the state of being (the adjective)\", \"the quality of being (the adjective)\", or \"the measure of being (the adjective)\".",
"Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often nonce words or terms in philosophy) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "705f60430455e03fc62ad8413f7f586fb9baffad43d293522e194cc2d1fa0cad",
"rawRecordSha256": "59641f31da984a78609c6ef85ab469296650178b3c13078ed33d8d2cd5a31ce6",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 284504
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}