Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryFurthest; -est; used to form superlatives of certain adjectives, especially directional and inherently-comparative ones.
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *-umô Proto-Indo-European *-yōs Proto-Indo-European *-tHós Proto-Indo-European *-istos Proto-Germanic *-istaz Proto-Germanic *-umistaz Old English -mest Middle English -mest ▲ Middle English [Term?]influ. Middle English -most English -most From Middle English -most(e), from earlier -mest, from Old English -(e)mest, from Proto-Germanic *-umistaz, from the comparative suffix *-umô (from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-) + the regular superlative suffix *-istaz (whence English -est). The Middle English form is due to conflation with the originally unrelated superlative most. See foremost for more.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-most<ety:from<-mest<ety:inh<ang:-mest>>>:influence<enm:<ety:inh<ang:mǣst<id:degree>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-umô\nProto-Indo-European *-yōs\nProto-Indo-European *-tHós\nProto-Indo-European *-istos\nProto-Germanic *-istaz\nProto-Germanic *-umistaz\nOld English -mest\nMiddle English -mest\n▲\nMiddle English [Term?]influ.\nMiddle English -most\nEnglish -most\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-istaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-umistaz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-mest\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-mest\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"degree\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"good\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*maiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*maistaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*maist\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*maist\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mǣst\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-most\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-most\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-most\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-most",
"4": "-most(e)"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -most(e)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-mest",
"4": "-(e)mest"
},
"expansion": "Old English -(e)mest"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-umistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-umistaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mHo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "English -est"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-most<ety:from<-mest<ety:inh<ang:-mest>>>:influence<enm:<ety:inh<ang:mǣst<id:degree>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-umô\nProto-Indo-European *-yōs\nProto-Indo-European *-tHós\nProto-Indo-European *-istos\nProto-Germanic *-istaz\nProto-Germanic *-umistaz\nOld English -mest\nMiddle English -mest\n▲\nMiddle English [Term?]influ.\nMiddle English -most\nEnglish -most"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*-umô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-umô"
],
[
"*-yōs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yōs#Proto-Indo-European:_very"
],
[
"*-tHós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-istos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-istos"
],
[
"*-istaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-istaz"
],
[
"*-umistaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-umistaz"
],
[
"-mest",
"-mest#Old_English"
],
[
"-mest",
"-mest#Middle_English"
],
[
"-most",
"-most#Middle_English"
],
[
"-most(e)",
"-most#Middle_English"
],
[
"-mest",
"-mest#Middle_English"
],
[
"-(e)mest",
"-mest#Old_English"
],
[
"*-umistaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-umistaz"
],
[
"*-umô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-umô"
],
[
"*-mHo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mHo-"
],
[
"*-istaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-istaz"
],
[
"-est",
"-est#English"
],
[
"most",
"most#English"
],
[
"foremost",
"foremost#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Furthest; -est; used to form superlatives of certain adjectives, especially directional and inherently-comparative ones."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
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