Old Dutch friunt reflects reconstructed *frijōnd-, with daughter-language vowel and participial-stem evidence supporting the comparison rather than one preserved proto-spelling.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1287inheritanceprobable
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
friunt
friend, beloved companion, or favored person; inherited loving-agent noun
OPEN NODE 1325 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · normalized Proto-Germanic participial formation · loving one proto germanic present participle*frijōnd-
a reconstructed present-participial formation, the loving or favorably disposed one
OPEN NODE 1312 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
An inherited loving or favorably disposed participant is lexicalized as the noun friend before the surviving Old Dutch record.
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the Old Dutch record around 1100.
EWN editors · WNT editors · MNW editors
probable — EWN explicitly prints the reconstruction and all three dictionaries identify the participial origin; the parent form itself is unattested.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vriendEWN etymology: < Proto-Germanic *frijōnd-
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Explicitly publishes the reconstructed parent.
Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal — VRIEND IOpening etymology and Germanic cognate set
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Independently identifies the participial comparison.
Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek — VRIENT IOpening etymology: participle of Germanic vriën
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Adds the Middle Dutch lexicographic analysis.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE