*SET-U

PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD

ALL DISPUTES ↗
CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 843

DISPUTE
RECORD.

One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.

resolvedestablished

Is *frijōnd- an attested Proto-Germanic spelling?

No. It is a normalized reconstruction behind the daughter-language cognates.

WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 843

frændi

approx. /ˈfrɛːndi/ · Old Norse masculine noun

Old Norse frændi belongs to the same inherited Germanic present-participial family as English friend, German Freund, and Dutch vriend, but cognacy did not freeze one meaning. The Dictionary of Old Norse Prose structures 225 citations into friend; foster brother or companion; kinsman, relative, or son; parents; and ancestor, while warning that the friend and kin divisions are not sharp. Cleasby and Vigfússon call the Scandinavian semantic specialization striking and treat kinsman as the ordinary center; Zoëga likewise gives kinsman, brother, son, and ancestor. Fritzner preserves the historical formation as a participle of frjá and compares the West and East Germanic friend words. The graph joins frændi directly to the same reviewed *frijōnd-, *frī-, and proposed *prī- nodes as friend, Freund, and vriend, then stops. The displayed pronunciation is a normalized approximation, not recorded medieval audio.

01

DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE

1 SOURCES WITH A STANCE

A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.

02 / EDITORIAL STATE

THE CURRENT RECORD IS RESOLVED.

CONFIDENCE
established
STATUS
resolved
LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
The sources publish comparative forms and a reconstructed formation, not a Proto-Germanic document.
RESOLUTION NOTE

The asterisk remains visible.