*SET-U

PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD

ALL DISPUTES ↗
CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 819

DISPUTE
RECORD.

One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.

openproposed

Does Freund securely descend from exactly *prī-?

The comparison is published on the shared friend-family route but remains proposed and less secure than the Germanic formation.

WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 819

Freund

/fʁɔʏ̯nt/ · German masculine noun

German Freund continues Middle High German vriunt and Old High German friunt. DWDS/Pfeifer, Duden, and Grimm independently analyze the inherited Germanic formation as a substantivized present participle of the verb represented by Gothic frijōn and Old English frēogan: historically a loving or favorably disposed one. The record is semantically wider than a modern close companion: the historical dictionaries also document neighbor, relative, lover, ally, supporter, patron, address, and euphemistic uses. The graph joins the High German line to the same reviewed *frijōnd- and *frī- nodes as English friend, keeps *prī- proposed, and stops.

01

DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE

1 SOURCES WITH A STANCE

A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.

02 / EDITORIAL STATE

THE QUESTION REMAINS OPEN.

CONFIDENCE
proposed
STATUS
open
LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
No Proto-Indo-European token survives.
WHY NO RESOLUTION

The reviewed evidence does not yet warrant collapsing the competing or incomplete analyses into one secure answer.