CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 564
DISPUTE
RECORD.
One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
resolvedestablished
Does the 960 poetic date identify the oldest manuscript token?
No. It is a source-reported composition date. Surviving manuscript copies may be later, and none is directly inspected here.
WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 564
fjándi
approx. /ˈfjɑːndi/ · Old Norse masculine noun
Old Norse fjándi is a masculine noun whose inherited shape still exposes a prehistoric agent formation. Cleasby and Vigfússon compare Gothic fiands, Old English feond, German Feind, Swedish fiende, and Danish fjende, identify the nd as participial, and gloss the older formation as properly a hater. They then distinguish the ordinary enemy sense from a post-Christian fiend development. The University of Copenhagen Dictionary of Old Norse Prose supplies 222 citations and six semantic zones: enemy or opponent; devil, monster, or demon; evil spirit; pagan god; the Devil or Satan; and a derogatory term for a hated or bewitched person, animal, or object. Lexicon Poeticum independently exposes 49 poetic records, including source-reported tenth-century enemy uses and later Christian fiend uses, while warning that its concordance and dates require checking. The noun therefore does not possess one timeless true meaning: an inherited lexicalized hater became an ordinary enemy word, and the branch later accumulated several demonic and derogatory senses. The displayed pronunciation is an editorial normalized approximation, not recorded historical audio. No underlying manuscript object is claimed as directly inspected in this dossier.
01DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
1 SOURCES WITH A STANCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
SOURCE 01supportsresearch database
Lexicon Poeticum — fjándi, noun masculine, enemy or devil
Shows a composition-date record separate from surviving manuscript listings.
960 citation and manuscript section- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Lexicon Poeticum · Skaldic Project editors
- YEAR
- Not recorded
- PUBLISHER
- University of Copenhagen · Skaldic Project
02 / EDITORIAL STATE
THE CURRENT RECORD IS RESOLVED.
- CONFIDENCE
- established
- STATUS
- resolved
- LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
- Lexicon Poeticum separates citation dates from its manuscript list and warns that dates require checking.
RESOLUTION NOTEThe attestation type is lexical_corpus_record and directly_inspected remains false.