*SET-U

PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD

ALL DISPUTES ↗
CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 428

DISPUTE
RECORD.

One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.

resolvedestablished

Is English fiend descended from Gothic fijands?

No. English fiend continues Old English feónd; Gothic fijands is a collateral Germanic cousin from the same reconstructed formation, not the donor of the English word.

WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 428

fijands

/ˈfi.jands/ · Gothic masculine nd-stem common noun

A Gothic masculine nd-stem noun conventionally glossed enemy. Project Wulfila currently exposes 26 candidates: three verified noun assignments, two further noun-only assignments, and 21 surface forms also listed under the living verb fijan. Ayora Estevan explains the collision diachronically: Proto-Germanic had already lexicalized the present-participial *fi(j)and- as enemy, while Gothic retained productive one-who-hates participles beside the noun. The five noun-only candidates use fiand, fijands, fijande, and fijandis; all five were inspected in Codex Argenteus facsimiles.

01

DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE

2 SOURCES WITH A STANCE

A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.

02 / EDITORIAL STATE

THE CURRENT RECORD IS RESOLVED.

CONFIDENCE
established
STATUS
resolved
LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
Bosworth–Toller supplies the Old and Middle English history, while Ayora Estevan supplies the common Germanic formation.
RESOLUTION NOTE

The graph connects both branches at *fi(j)and- rather than drawing a Gothic-to-English arrow.