PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
The reviewed Gothic noun inventory centers on enemy and regularly translates Greek echthros. Old English feónd developed or preserved devil senses, but that collateral history cannot be projected backward onto every Gothic occurrence.
/ˈfi.jands/ · Gothic masculine nd-stem common noun
A Gothic masculine nd-stem noun conventionally glossed enemy. Project Wulfila currently exposes 26 candidates: three verified noun assignments, two further noun-only assignments, and 21 surface forms also listed under the living verb fijan. Ayora Estevan explains the collision diachronically: Proto-Germanic had already lexicalized the present-participial *fi(j)and- as enemy, while Gothic retained productive one-who-hates participles beside the noun. The five noun-only candidates use fiand, fijands, fijande, and fijandis; all five were inspected in Codex Argenteus facsimiles.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Documents the Gothic enemy gloss.
Lemma fijands and Streitberg gloss FeindDocuments a wider semantic range in the collateral Old English branch.
Definition and etymology: enemy, foe, the devilThe graph separates cognate branches and their semantic histories.