{"schemaVersion":"2026-08-28.107","dataset":"journeys","description":"Ordered geographic and temporal stages behind dossier journey views, including honest null coordinates and placement confidence.","generatedAt":"2026-11-01T17:50:54.168Z","totalRows":959,"license":null,"licenseNote":"Reuse terms for SET-U editorial data are not yet declared. Source works retain their own rights.","page":{"after":0,"limit":250,"returned":250,"hasMore":true,"next":250},"data":[{"cursor":1,"id":1,"entryId":1,"entrySlug":"love","stepOrder":1,"place":"Pontic–Caspian horizon","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","note":"The *leubh- form is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence. The approximate point visualizes a broad steppe-homeland hypothesis; it is not the location of an excavated word.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":47000000,"longitudeE6":39000000,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/1","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/love"},{"cursor":2,"id":2,"entryId":1,"entrySlug":"love","stepOrder":2,"place":"Proto-Germanic speech community","dateLabel":"Proto-Germanic prehistory","note":"Comparative Germanic evidence supports reconstructed *lubō. The speech community is deliberately not reduced to one map coordinate.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/2","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/love"},{"cursor":3,"id":3,"entryId":1,"entrySlug":"love","stepOrder":3,"place":"Anglo-Saxon England","dateLabel":"Old English period; English record before 12th c.","note":"Bosworth–Toller documents Old English lufu; Merriam-Webster traces Middle English love from that form and reports English use before the twelfth century.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1199,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The directly reviewed lexicographic record establishes an English first-known-use horizon before the twelfth century. The route does not promote the older undemonstrated “before 725” label into numeric chronology.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/3","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/love"},{"cursor":4,"id":4,"entryId":1,"entrySlug":"love","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1500–today","note":"The word continues through the worldwide history of English: colonial expansion, migration, localization, and modern international use.","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The numeric layer marks the early-modern-to-current global-English stage, not the first known use of love. Cambridge traces the worldwide expansion of English from early modern voyages through colonial and postcolonial adoption.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/4","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/love"},{"cursor":5,"id":5,"entryId":2,"entrySlug":"etymology","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European prehistory","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"*set-u- is reconstructed, not written.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/5","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/etymology"},{"cursor":6,"id":6,"entryId":2,"entrySlug":"etymology","stepOrder":2,"place":"Ancient Greece","dateLabel":"1st millennium BCE","note":"ἔτυμος and its family are attested.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":39000000,"longitudeE6":22000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/6","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/etymology"},{"cursor":7,"id":7,"entryId":2,"entrySlug":"etymology","stepOrder":3,"place":"Rome and medieval Europe","dateLabel":"antiquity–14th c.","note":"The learned compound travels through Latin and French.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The reviewed transmission chain reaches its first known English record in the fourteenth century. Only an upper bound is encoded because the Greek, Latin, and French portions begin much earlier.","latitudeE6":46000000,"longitudeE6":8000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/7","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/etymology"},{"cursor":8,"id":8,"entryId":2,"entrySlug":"etymology","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global scholarship","dateLabel":"today","note":"Etymology becomes a comparative historical discipline.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/8","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/etymology"},{"cursor":9,"id":9,"entryId":3,"entrySlug":"salary","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European prehistory","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"Comparative evidence supports a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European salt family. Exact stem notation varies, and no point or numeric interval is inferred from the lexical reconstruction.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The cited comparative wordlist supports a prehistoric reconstruction but does not assign this lexical stage one defensible calendar interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/9","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/salary"},{"cursor":10,"id":10,"entryId":3,"entrySlug":"salary","stepOrder":2,"place":"Roman world","dateLabel":"imperial period","note":"Latin salārium denotes official pay and is morphologically connected with salt. The sources do not say Roman soldiers received ordinary wages in literal salt.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Roman lexical stage is directly cited, but the current sources do not define a conservative numeric interval for the route.","latitudeE6":42000000,"longitudeE6":12500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/10","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/salary"},{"cursor":11,"id":11,"entryId":3,"entrySlug":"salary","stepOrder":3,"place":"Medieval France","dateLabel":"12th–13th c.","note":"Old French and Anglo-French compensation forms carry the Latin payment word toward English; no narrower numeric transmission window is promoted from the current source.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The borrowing chain is directly supported, but its current route evidence does not justify normalizing the prose period into calendar bounds.","latitudeE6":46500000,"longitudeE6":2500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/11","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/salary"},{"cursor":12,"id":12,"entryId":3,"entrySlug":"salary","stepOrder":4,"place":"England","dateLabel":"13th c. first-known-use horizon","note":"Merriam-Webster reports the first known English use of salary in the thirteenth century.","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":1299,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The whole thirteenth century is exposed as a conservative first-known-use horizon; it is not an invented exact year.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/12","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/salary"},{"cursor":13,"id":13,"entryId":4,"entrySlug":"sincere","stepOrder":1,"place":"Roman world","dateLabel":"antiquity","note":"Latin sincerus is attested with a field including whole, pure, and genuine. A published probable deeper analysis remains contextual rather than a settled parent node.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin lexical stage is directly cited, but the route does not infer one numeric interval for all of its senses or attestations.","latitudeE6":42000000,"longitudeE6":12500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/13","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/sincere"},{"cursor":14,"id":14,"entryId":4,"entrySlug":"sincere","stepOrder":2,"place":"France","dateLabel":"15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474","note":"CNRTL records French sincère in 1441 and again in 1474 as a learned borrowing from Latin sincerus.","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The numeric layer exposes the fifteenth century containing the reviewed 1441 and 1474 attestations instead of pretending they delimit the word's full life.","latitudeE6":46500000,"longitudeE6":2500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/14","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/sincere"},{"cursor":15,"id":15,"entryId":4,"entrySlug":"sincere","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1533 first-known-use horizon","note":"Merriam-Webster reports 1533 as the first known English use of sincere.","dateStart":1533,"dateEnd":1533,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1533 is the reviewed lexicographic first-known-use year, not a claim that every English use began at one instant.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/15","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/sincere"},{"cursor":16,"id":16,"entryId":4,"entrySlug":"sincere","stepOrder":4,"place":"Folk-etymology record","dateLabel":"modern circulation; onset unresolved","note":"The sine cera story appears here only as a rejected explanation. The cited record does not establish where or when that story originated.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"A rejection source does not date the origin or diffusion of the myth, so no numeric onset is encoded.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/16","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/sincere"},{"cursor":17,"id":17,"entryId":5,"entrySlug":"clue","stepOrder":1,"place":"Anglo-Saxon England","dateLabel":"before 1150","note":"cliewen names a ball or wound thread.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1149,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The Old English record is earlier than 1150. An upper bound is encoded without inventing a lower bound for the stage.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/17","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/clue"},{"cursor":18,"id":18,"entryId":5,"entrySlug":"clue","stepOrder":2,"place":"English literature","dateLabel":"late 16th c.","note":"The labyrinth-guiding metaphor emerges.","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":1599,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The prose label says late sixteenth century; the numeric layer conservatively exposes the whole century instead of inventing a narrower decade.","latitudeE6":52000000,"longitudeE6":-1000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/18","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/clue"},{"cursor":19,"id":19,"entryId":5,"entrySlug":"clue","stepOrder":3,"place":"Modern English","dateLabel":"17th c.–today","note":"clue specializes as evidence or guidance.","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The modern clue sense is represented from the seventeenth century forward; the interval remains open rather than assigning an end date.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/19","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/clue"},{"cursor":20,"id":20,"entryId":6,"entrySlug":"disaster","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin astrum and the astrological frame","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity; later astrological inheritance","note":"Latin astrum names a star or constellation. The later disaster family preserves the once-literal astrological idea of an unfavorable planetary or stellar aspect, but the lexical sources do not locate that semantic development at one Roman point.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin star word and the later astrological frame are directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not delimit one numeric interval or point location covering both claims.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/20","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/disaster"},{"cursor":21,"id":21,"entryId":6,"entrySlug":"disaster","stepOrder":2,"place":"Italy","dateLabel":"Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolved","note":"Old Italian disastro combines the negative prefix dis- with astro “heavenly body.” It could still denote an unfavorable stellar or planetary aspect before the calamity meaning generalized.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Italian composition and astrological sense are directly cited, but the reviewed entry does not provide one conservative numeric onset for this stage.","latitudeE6":41900000,"longitudeE6":12500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/21","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/disaster"},{"cursor":22,"id":22,"entryId":6,"entrySlug":"disaster","stepOrder":3,"place":"France","dateLabel":"Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolved","note":"Middle French desastre borrows the Italian calamity word. Merriam-Webster treats both French and Italian as part of the English borrowing history rather than forcing a single donor label.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Middle French borrowing is directly cited, but the source does not provide one conservative numeric interval for this route stage.","latitudeE6":46500000,"longitudeE6":2500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/22","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/disaster"},{"cursor":23,"id":23,"entryId":6,"entrySlug":"disaster","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language disaster senses","dateLabel":"1567 first-known-use horizon onward","note":"English disaster is recorded from 1567 for a calamitous event and now also applies to failures, harmful results, agitated people, and disorder. The current senses no longer require belief in astrological causation.","dateStart":1567,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1567 English first-known-use horizon. It does not date each later figurative or evaluative extension to that year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/23","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/disaster"},{"cursor":24,"id":24,"entryId":7,"entrySlug":"candidate","stepOrder":1,"place":"Roman office-seeking practice","dateLabel":"Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolved","note":"Latin candidātus first describes someone clothed in white and then the office-seeker identified by a bright white toga. The clothing and political use are attested; the word formation alone does not prove a personal claim of moral purity.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Roman dress and office-seeking senses are directly cited, but the reviewed lexical records span multiple authors and do not establish one exact onset for the practice.","latitudeE6":41900000,"longitudeE6":12500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/24","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/candidate"},{"cursor":25,"id":25,"entryId":7,"entrySlug":"candidate","stepOrder":2,"place":"French candidat and learned circulation","dateLabel":"1284 French record; 1546 public-office sense","note":"CNRTL records French candidat in 1284 in an elite-soldier sense and in 1546 for a person seeking public office, with later academic use. This documents European circulation without claiming French was necessarily the direct donor to English.","dateStart":1284,"dateEnd":1546,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The 1284–1546 interval connects two explicitly dated French records with different senses. It is a documentary range, not the full life span of French candidat or a claim of continuous unchanged meaning.","latitudeE6":46500000,"longitudeE6":2500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/25","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/candidate"},{"cursor":26,"id":26,"entryId":7,"entrySlug":"candidate","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1600 English first-known-use horizon","note":"English candidate borrows Latin candidātus for a person seeking office. Merriam-Webster reports 1600 as the first-known-use horizon.","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":1600,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1600 is the reviewed English first-known-use year, not a claim that the borrowing process or every occurrence began at one instant.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/26","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/candidate"},{"cursor":27,"id":27,"entryId":7,"entrySlug":"candidate","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language candidate senses","dateLabel":"1600 office-seeker onward; later extensions","note":"The office-seeker remains central, while candidate expands to people nominated or qualified for awards, jobs, degrees, surgery, and other possible selection or treatment.","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1600 office-seeker horizon. It does not assign that onset to every later institutional, academic, medical, or general suitability sense.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/27","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/candidate"},{"cursor":28,"id":28,"entryId":8,"entrySlug":"quarantine","stepOrder":1,"place":"Dubrovnik / Ragusa","dateLabel":"1377 thirty-day trentino law","note":"Ragusa, now Dubrovnik, enacted a thirty-day separation rule in 1377 for arrivals from plague-affected areas. This is the documented civic precursor, called trentino—not yet the forty-day quarantine named by the modern word.","dateStart":1377,"dateEnd":1377,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1377 is directly reported for the Ragusan legislation and its thirty-day rule. The point marks Dubrovnik, the named polity, not every Mediterranean isolation practice.","latitudeE6":42650000,"longitudeE6":18100000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/28","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/quarantine"},{"cursor":29,"id":29,"entryId":8,"entrySlug":"quarantine","stepOrder":2,"place":"Mediterranean port quarantine systems","dateLabel":"following decades after 1377; exact extension date unresolved","note":"The port-city practice spread and the waiting period was extended from thirty to forty days, producing the quaranta-based name. Whether efficacy, religious symbolism, medical theory, logistics, or several forces explain forty remains unsettled.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The thirty-to-forty sequence in the decades after 1377 is directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not establish one exact extension date or one point location for the distributed port system.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/29","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/quarantine"},{"cursor":30,"id":30,"entryId":8,"entrySlug":"quarantine","stepOrder":3,"place":"French and Italian donors; English reception","dateLabel":"1617 English noun first-known-use horizon","note":"French quarantaine and Italian quarantena, both built on “forty,” contribute to English quarantine. Merriam-Webster now reports 1617 for the English noun’s first known use in the forty-day sense.","dateStart":1617,"dateEnd":1617,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1617 is the reviewed English noun first-known-use year. It does not date every French or Italian donor occurrence, and it supersedes the previously stored 1663 report for this same source record.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/30","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/quarantine"},{"cursor":31,"id":31,"entryId":8,"entrySlug":"quarantine","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global quarantine and biosecurity uses","dateLabel":"1617 forty-day noun onward; durations now vary","note":"Quarantine now covers restraints on people, ships, goods, animals, plants, pests, and communications. Modern quarantines can last days, weeks, months, or other evidence-based periods; the inherited name preserves forty without requiring forty.","dateStart":1617,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1617 English forty-day noun. It does not assign modern public-health, veterinary, agricultural, forestry, or figurative extensions to that year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/31","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/quarantine"},{"cursor":32,"id":32,"entryId":9,"entrySlug":"logic","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European prehistory","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"A gather/collect root is reconstructed, but its initial consonant and exact semantic history remain disputed.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/32","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/logic"},{"cursor":33,"id":33,"entryId":9,"entrySlug":"logic","stepOrder":2,"place":"Ancient Greece","dateLabel":"1st millennium BCE","note":"λέγω, λόγος, λογικός, and λογική create a dense family spanning gathering, account, speech, and reason.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":39000000,"longitudeE6":22000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/33","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/logic"},{"cursor":34,"id":34,"entryId":9,"entrySlug":"logic","stepOrder":3,"place":"Latin and medieval French scholarship","dateLabel":"antiquity–12th century","note":"The name of the logical art travels through Latin and French teaching traditions.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1199,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The reviewed Greek-to-Latin-to-French chain reaches English by the twelfth century. The numeric layer encodes only that upper bound, not a fabricated ancient start year.","latitudeE6":46000000,"longitudeE6":8000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/34","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/logic"},{"cursor":35,"id":35,"entryId":9,"entrySlug":"logic","stepOrder":4,"place":"England and global technical culture","dateLabel":"12th century–today","note":"logic expands from scholastic discipline to everyday reasoning and computing.","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"English logic is attested from the twelfth-century first-known-use horizon and remains current; later reasoning and computing senses are not assigned separate invented start dates.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/35","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/logic"},{"cursor":36,"id":36,"entryId":10,"entrySlug":"legal","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European prehistory","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"A gather-root relationship is proposed for lēx, with *leǵ- and *sleǵ- analyses competing.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/36","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/legal"},{"cursor":37,"id":37,"entryId":10,"entrySlug":"legal","stepOrder":2,"place":"Roman world","dateLabel":"antiquity","note":"lēx names law and lēgālis names what pertains to it.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":41900000,"longitudeE6":12500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/37","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/legal"},{"cursor":38,"id":38,"entryId":10,"entrySlug":"legal","stepOrder":3,"place":"Anglo-French England","dateLabel":"medieval","note":"The Latin adjective travels through Anglo-French.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":52000000,"longitudeE6":-1000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/38","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/legal"},{"cursor":39,"id":39,"entryId":10,"entrySlug":"legal","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"15th century–today","note":"legal expands through law, institutions, and rule-governed domains.","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The English adjective is attested from the fifteenth-century first-known-use horizon and remains current across later legal and rule-governed senses.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/39","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/legal"},{"cursor":40,"id":40,"entryId":11,"entrySlug":"lecture","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European prehistory","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"A gather/select root is reconstructed with a disputed initial consonant.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/40","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lecture"},{"cursor":41,"id":41,"entryId":11,"entrySlug":"lecture","stepOrder":2,"place":"Roman and medieval scholarly worlds","dateLabel":"antiquity–medieval","note":"legere “read” yields lectus and lectūra “a reading.”","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":45000000,"longitudeE6":10000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/41","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lecture"},{"cursor":42,"id":42,"entryId":11,"entrySlug":"lecture","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"15th century","note":"lecture enters English as an instructional discourse.","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The first known English noun use is reported at fifteenth-century precision; the bounds expose the whole century rather than inventing an exact year.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/42","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lecture"},{"cursor":43,"id":43,"entryId":11,"entrySlug":"lecture","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global education","dateLabel":"today","note":"The word names spoken teaching and, figuratively, formal reproof.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/43","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lecture"},{"cursor":44,"id":44,"entryId":12,"entrySlug":"legend","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European prehistory","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"A gather/select root is reconstructed with a disputed initial consonant.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/44","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/legend"},{"cursor":45,"id":45,"entryId":12,"entrySlug":"legend","stepOrder":2,"place":"Medieval Latin Christendom","dateLabel":"medieval","note":"legenda names materials to be read, especially edifying narratives.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":48000000,"longitudeE6":10000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/45","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/legend"},{"cursor":46,"id":46,"entryId":12,"entrySlug":"legend","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"c. 1500","note":"legend enters English reading and inscription traditions.","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"circa","temporalNote":"The reviewed first-known-use claim is circa 1500. The central year is encoded with circa precision, not promoted to an exact attestation date.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/46","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/legend"},{"cursor":47,"id":47,"entryId":12,"entrySlug":"legend","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global storytelling and graphics","dateLabel":"today","note":"The word spans traditional tales, famous people, inscriptions, and map keys.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/47","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/legend"},{"cursor":48,"id":48,"entryId":13,"entrySlug":"intelligence","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European prehistory","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"A gather/select root is reconstructed with a disputed initial consonant.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/48","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/intelligence"},{"cursor":49,"id":49,"entryId":13,"entrySlug":"intelligence","stepOrder":2,"place":"Roman world","dateLabel":"antiquity","note":"intellegere and intelligentia name discernment and understanding.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":41900000,"longitudeE6":12500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/49","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/intelligence"},{"cursor":50,"id":50,"entryId":13,"entrySlug":"intelligence","stepOrder":3,"place":"France and England","dateLabel":"14th century","note":"The abstract noun travels through French into English.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The first known English use is reported at fourteenth-century precision; no exact year is inferred.","latitudeE6":49000000,"longitudeE6":1000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/50","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/intelligence"},{"cursor":51,"id":51,"entryId":13,"entrySlug":"intelligence","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global cognitive and state systems","dateLabel":"today","note":"The word expands across psychology, information, espionage, and computing.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/51","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/intelligence"},{"cursor":52,"id":52,"entryId":14,"entrySlug":"collect","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European prehistory","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"A gather/select root is reconstructed with a disputed initial consonant.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/52","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/collect"},{"cursor":53,"id":53,"entryId":14,"entrySlug":"collect","stepOrder":2,"place":"Roman world","dateLabel":"antiquity","note":"colligere literally builds gathering-together into the verb.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":41900000,"longitudeE6":12500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/53","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/collect"},{"cursor":54,"id":54,"entryId":14,"entrySlug":"collect","stepOrder":3,"place":"Anglo-French and Middle English","dateLabel":"medieval","note":"Prayer and accumulation senses arrive through related but distinct transmission histories.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The two reviewed English transmission histories are attested before the twelfth century for the prayer noun and in the fifteenth century for the verb. The numeric layer exposes only their shared upper bound.","latitudeE6":50000000,"longitudeE6":0,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/54","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/collect"},{"cursor":55,"id":55,"entryId":14,"entrySlug":"collect","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"today","note":"collect spans gathering objects, money, information, people, and oneself.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No source-backed numeric bounds are currently encoded for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/55","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/collect"},{"cursor":56,"id":56,"entryId":15,"entrySlug":"algorithm","stepOrder":1,"place":"Khwārizm","dateLabel":"8th–9th centuries","note":"The scholar's nisba identifies a connection to Khwārizm, south of the Aral Sea.","dateStart":700,"dateEnd":899,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The eighth-to-ninth-century biographical window is encoded as a broad calendar range; it does not claim an exact date for the nisba.","latitudeE6":41000000,"longitudeE6":60000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/56","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/algorithm"},{"cursor":57,"id":57,"entryId":15,"entrySlug":"algorithm","stepOrder":2,"place":"Baghdad","dateLabel":"9th century","note":"Al-Khwārizmī worked in the Abbasid scholarly world; his name became attached to arithmetic transmission.","dateStart":800,"dateEnd":899,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"Al-Khwarizmi's Baghdad scholarly activity is placed only within the ninth century in this route model.","latitudeE6":33315000,"longitudeE6":44366000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/57","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/algorithm"},{"cursor":58,"id":58,"entryId":15,"entrySlug":"algorithm","stepOrder":3,"place":"Medieval Latin Europe","dateLabel":"12th–15th centuries","note":"Latinized name forms become terms for arithmetic with Hindu-Arabic numerals.","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Latin and Middle English arithmetic transmission is modeled across the twelfth through fifteenth centuries.","latitudeE6":48000000,"longitudeE6":8000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/58","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/algorithm"},{"cursor":59,"id":59,"entryId":15,"entrySlug":"algorithm","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global computing","dateLabel":"20th century–today","note":"Algorithm generalizes from mathematical procedure into a central term of computing and public life.","dateStart":1900,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The computing-era stage begins at the twentieth-century boundary and remains open into current usage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/59","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/algorithm"},{"cursor":60,"id":60,"entryId":16,"entrySlug":"algebra","stepOrder":1,"place":"Baghdad","dateLabel":"c. 825","note":"Al-jabr appears in the title and method vocabulary of al-Khwārizmī's work.","dateStart":800,"dateEnd":850,"temporalPrecision":"circa","temporalNote":"The treatise is conventionally dated around 825. The wider 800–850 window preserves that approximation.","latitudeE6":33315000,"longitudeE6":44366000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/60","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/algebra"},{"cursor":61,"id":61,"entryId":16,"entrySlug":"algebra","stepOrder":2,"place":"Iberian and Latin translation worlds","dateLabel":"12th century","note":"Arabic mathematical vocabulary moves through translation into Medieval Latin and Romance.","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1199,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The translation stage is encoded at century precision; the reviewed source reports Robert of Chester's work around 1140.","latitudeE6":38000000,"longitudeE6":-4000000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/61","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/algebra"},{"cursor":62,"id":62,"entryId":16,"entrySlug":"algebra","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1551","note":"The mathematical word enters the English lexicographic record.","dateStart":1551,"dateEnd":1551,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1551 is the reviewed lexicographic first-known-use year for English algebra, not the date of every English occurrence.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/62","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/algebra"},{"cursor":63,"id":63,"entryId":16,"entrySlug":"algebra","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global mathematics","dateLabel":"today","note":"Algebra expands far beyond equation restoration into structures and abstract systems.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed definitions establish algebra's present scope but do not supply one defensible numeric onset for the global-modern stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/63","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/algebra"},{"cursor":64,"id":64,"entryId":17,"entrySlug":"calculate","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin calculus and counting-board practice","dateLabel":"antiquity","note":"Latin calculus names a pebble, a pebble used on a counting board, and the resulting method or account. That physical-computation link is secure; the deeper derivation from calx “lime, limestone” is explicitly uncertain.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin pebble and counting senses are directly cited, but the lexical sources do not delimit one numeric interval or point location for the distributed practice.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/64","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/calculate"},{"cursor":65,"id":65,"entryId":17,"entrySlug":"calculate","stepOrder":2,"place":"Late Latin calculating family","dateLabel":"late antiquity–medieval","note":"Late Latin calculātus is the past participle of calculāre “count, reckon, compute,” derived from calculus. The route keeps this learned formation distinct from the unsettled prehistory of the stone word.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Late Latin formation is directly cited, but the reviewed source does not delimit one conservative numeric interval or point location for its scholarly circulation.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/65","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/calculate"},{"cursor":66,"id":66,"entryId":17,"entrySlug":"calculate","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1542 English first-known-use horizon","note":"Calculate enters English as a learned mathematical verb. Merriam-Webster reports 1542 for its first known English use in the mathematical sense.","dateStart":1542,"dateEnd":1542,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1542 is the reviewed English first-known-use year for the mathematical verb, not an exact date for every borrowing event.","latitudeE6":52500000,"longitudeE6":-1500000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/66","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/calculate"},{"cursor":67,"id":67,"entryId":17,"entrySlug":"calculate","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language calculate senses","dateLabel":"1542 mathematical verb onward; later extensions","note":"Calculate continues as mathematical determination and expands to practical estimation, interpretation, planning, judging probability, intending, and forecasting consequences.","dateStart":1542,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1542 mathematical horizon. It does not date every later judgment, planning, or forecasting sense to that year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/67","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/calculate"},{"cursor":68,"id":68,"entryId":18,"entrySlug":"robot","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Proto-Slavic speech communities","dateLabel":"prehistoric","note":"University of Warsaw reconstructs Proto-Slavic *orbota and derives the North Slavic robota forms through an initial metathesis. The route does not turn that distributed comparative reconstruction into a single homeland point.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstructed lexical stage is directly cited, but the reviewed source does not delimit one numeric prehistoric interval or a single geographic point.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/68","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/robot"},{"cursor":69,"id":69,"entryId":18,"entrySlug":"robot","stepOrder":2,"place":"Prague","dateLabel":"1920 R.U.R. coinage","note":"Karel Čapek used robot in the 1920 Czech play R.U.R.; Merriam-Webster reports that his brother Josef suggested the name from Czech robota “forced labor.”","dateStart":1920,"dateEnd":1920,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1920 is the cited date of the Czech R.U.R. coinage. The source supports Prague as the play’s named cultural origin, while the coordinate represents the city rather than every early occurrence.","latitudeE6":50075000,"longitudeE6":14438000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/69","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/robot"},{"cursor":70,"id":70,"entryId":18,"entrySlug":"robot","stepOrder":3,"place":"English-language R.U.R. translation and print","dateLabel":"1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 edition","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English robot in 1922 through translation of R.U.R. A separately preserved 1923 English edition was directly inspected: its photographed title page prints “Rossum’s Universal Robots,” but SET-U does not mislabel that object as the first English use.","dateStart":1922,"dateEnd":1923,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The 1922–1923 interval joins two distinct cited claims: the lexicographic 1922 first-use horizon and the directly inspected 1923 title-page object. It is not a claim that the borrowing process lasted exactly two years.","latitudeE6":51500000,"longitudeE6":-100000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/70","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/robot"},{"cursor":71,"id":71,"entryId":18,"entrySlug":"robot","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language robot senses","dateLabel":"1922 core word onward; later extensions","note":"The fictional artificial worker becomes the English term for machines performing tasks, automatic mechanisms, and people behaving in a mechanical or unfeeling way. The route leaves software and other later uses to their own evidence instead of assigning all extensions to 1922.","dateStart":1922,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with Merriam-Webster’s 1922 English first-known-use horizon. It does not date every later mechanical, figurative, software, or automation sense to that year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/71","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/robot"},{"cursor":72,"id":72,"entryId":19,"entrySlug":"muscle","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin-speaking Roman world","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","note":"Latin musculus is a diminutive of mūs “mouse”: literally a little mouse, then an anatomical muscle name. The morphology is secure, while Merriam-Webster leaves the motivating resemblance open between shape, tendon, and movement beneath the skin.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin derivation and the uncertainty around its visual motivation are directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not delimit one conservative numeric interval or point location for the whole Latin stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/72","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/muscle"},{"cursor":73,"id":73,"entryId":19,"entrySlug":"muscle","stepOrder":2,"place":"Old French anatomical muscle","dateLabel":"Old French period","note":"American Heritage traces the anatomical word through Old French muscle from Latin musculus. The route names the transmission language without inventing a northern-French point or a numeric borrowing date.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Old French borrowing channel is directly cited, but the reviewed entry does not supply one conservative numeric interval or a point location for this route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/73","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/muscle"},{"cursor":74,"id":74,"entryId":19,"entrySlug":"muscle","stepOrder":3,"place":"Middle English anatomical muscle","dateLabel":"Middle English borrowing; 14th c. first-use horizon","note":"Old French muscle enters Middle English as the anatomical word. Merriam-Webster reports a fourteenth-century English first-known-use horizon; the same spelling could also name the mollusk, so the anatomical sense remains explicit.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The full fourteenth century is exposed as the source-reported English first-use horizon for the anatomical noun, not as an exact date for every Middle English form or French-to-English contact.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/74","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/muscle"},{"cursor":75,"id":75,"entryId":19,"entrySlug":"muscle","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language muscle senses","dateLabel":"14th c. anatomical noun onward; later extensions","note":"The anatomical noun continues from the fourteenth century and extends figuratively to strength, force, and coercive power. SET-U keeps this route separate from mussel even though both words shared the spelling muscle in Middle English and converge in the Latin mouse family.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed fourteenth-century anatomical horizon. It does not date every figurative strength, force, or power extension to that century.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/75","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/muscle"},{"cursor":76,"id":76,"entryId":20,"entrySlug":"mussel","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin-speaking mollusk-name tradition","dateLabel":"Latin and post-Latin transmission; exact interval unresolved","note":"Latin musculus and Vulgar Latin *muscula supply a mouse-family mollusk name. The lexical ancestry is cited, but the route does not turn a distributed Latin tradition into one point or one date range.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin and Vulgar Latin lexical stages are directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not delimit one conservative interval for the whole transmission.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/76","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mussel"},{"cursor":77,"id":77,"entryId":20,"entrySlug":"mussel","stepOrder":2,"place":"Old English records","dateLabel":"before the 12th c. first-use horizon","note":"Old English muscelle names the bivalve mollusk on the direct route to English mussel.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1099,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The before-1100 bound exposes the source-reported “before the 12th century” English horizon; it is not an exact date for the Old English borrowing.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/77","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mussel"},{"cursor":78,"id":78,"entryId":20,"entrySlug":"mussel","stepOrder":3,"place":"Middle English mollusk usage","dateLabel":"Middle English spelling stage; exact interval unresolved","note":"The mollusk word appears as Middle English muscle, overlapping the spelling of the anatomical word while remaining a distinct sense.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Middle English form and spelling overlap are directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not justify one numeric interval for this stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/78","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mussel"},{"cursor":79,"id":79,"entryId":20,"entrySlug":"mussel","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language mussel senses","dateLabel":"current spelling and senses; onset unresolved","note":"Modern mussel names marine and freshwater bivalves. American Heritage reports possible influence from Dutch mossel on the modern spelling, so that contribution remains qualified rather than forced into the direct chain.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Current definitions and the spelling question are cited, but the sources do not establish one defensible onset for the distributed modern stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/79","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mussel"},{"cursor":80,"id":80,"entryId":21,"entrySlug":"mouse","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European reconstruction; date and homeland unresolved","note":"Comparative evidence reconstructs *mūs- “mouse.” SET-U preserves the reconstruction while refusing to convert a comparative form into one archaeological place or exact period.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstructed root and its reflexes are cited, but the reviewed lexical sources do not establish one numeric prehistoric interval or homeland point.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/80","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mouse"},{"cursor":81,"id":81,"entryId":21,"entrySlug":"mouse","stepOrder":2,"place":"Reconstructed Proto-Germanic speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Germanic reconstruction; exact interval unresolved","note":"The inherited mouse word continues through the reconstructed Germanic branch. Comparative evidence supports the branch, not a single northern-European coordinate.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Proto-Germanic stage is directly supported by the comparative record, but the reviewed source does not delimit one conservative interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/81","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mouse"},{"cursor":82,"id":82,"entryId":21,"entrySlug":"mouse","stepOrder":3,"place":"Old English records","dateLabel":"before the 12th c. first-use horizon","note":"Old English mūs is the direct recorded ancestor of English mouse.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1099,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The before-1100 bound exposes the source-reported “before the 12th century” English horizon; it does not date every Old English occurrence.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/82","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mouse"},{"cursor":83,"id":83,"entryId":21,"entrySlug":"mouse","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language mouse senses","dateLabel":"core noun before the 12th c.; later senses, onset unresolved","note":"Mouse remains the rodent name and extends to a computer device, a timid person, a black eye, and several verbal senses. The dictionary dates the core English word, not every later extension.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The current sense network and the core noun’s first-use horizon are cited, but no single numeric onset is assigned to the combined modern stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/83","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mouse"},{"cursor":84,"id":84,"entryId":22,"entrySlug":"host","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","note":"AHD reconstructs *ghos-ti- as a stranger, guest, or host within reciprocal duties and *ghos-pot- as the “guest-master” compound behind Latin hospes. Merriam-Webster publishes the compound analysis while recording objections to the amount of phonetic reduction.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The comparative reconstruction and its published uncertainty do not support one numeric interval or point location for this prehistoric stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/84","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/host"},{"cursor":85,"id":85,"entryId":22,"entrySlug":"host","stepOrder":2,"place":"Latin-speaking Roman world","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","note":"Latin hospes (stem hospit-) can denote guest, visitor, or the person receiving a guest. The duality reflects reciprocal hospitality rather than two unrelated words.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin lexical stage and reciprocal sense are directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not delimit one conservative numeric interval for the whole stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/85","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/host"},{"cursor":86,"id":86,"entryId":22,"entrySlug":"host","stepOrder":3,"place":"Anglo-French and Middle English host","dateLabel":"14th c. English receiving-host horizon","note":"Anglo-French oste / hoste carries Latin hospes into Middle English ost / host, where the hospitality noun can still mean host or guest.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The whole fourteenth century is exposed as the reviewed first-known-use horizon for the receiving-host noun, not as an exact date for every Anglo-French or Middle English form.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/86","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/host"},{"cursor":87,"id":87,"entryId":22,"entrySlug":"host","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language host senses","dateLabel":"14th c. core noun onward; later extensions","note":"The receiving-host noun continues from the fourteenth century and later extends to event venues, media presenters, biological hosts, and networked computers. The route does not pretend those later senses share one onset.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the source-reported fourteenth-century core noun. It does not date the separate later event, media, biological, or computing branches.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/87","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/host"},{"cursor":88,"id":88,"entryId":23,"entrySlug":"guest","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","note":"The reconstructed *ghos-ti- family denotes an outsider, stranger, guest, or host under reciprocal duties. Merriam-Webster cautions that the etymon is limited to three western Indo-European branches.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstruction is directly supported, but no numeric prehistoric interval or single homeland point is inferred from the lexical comparison.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/88","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/guest"},{"cursor":89,"id":89,"entryId":23,"entrySlug":"guest","stepOrder":2,"place":"Germanic-speaking northern Europe","dateLabel":"Proto-Germanic prehistory","note":"Germanic *gasti- / *gastiz preserves guest and stranger senses across Germanic reflexes, forming the inherited branch behind Old and Middle English guest.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Germanic branch is directly cited, but the sources do not delimit one numeric interval or point location for the reconstructed speech-community stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/89","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/guest"},{"cursor":90,"id":90,"entryId":23,"entrySlug":"guest","stepOrder":3,"place":"Old and Middle English guest forms","dateLabel":"Old English inheritance; 13th c. first-known-use horizon","note":"Old English giest / gyst / gest / gæst continues into Middle English gest / gyst / gust / gist; Old Norse gestr may partly reinforce the initial g.","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":1299,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The numeric layer exposes Merriam-Webster’s thirteenth-century first-known-use horizon for the English noun. The cited Old English inheritance predates that horizon and is not compressed into an invented exact year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/90","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/guest"},{"cursor":91,"id":91,"entryId":23,"entrySlug":"guest","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language guest senses","dateLabel":"13th c. core noun onward; later extensions","note":"The hospitality recipient remains the core English guest, with later customer, program, performance, biological, and material-science extensions.","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the source-reported thirteenth-century core noun. It does not assign that onset to every later extended sense.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/91","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/guest"},{"cursor":92,"id":92,"entryId":24,"entrySlug":"hostile","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","note":"Before the Latin enemy sense, reconstructed *ghos-ti- denotes a reciprocal outsider, stranger, guest, or host. Comparative reflex lists connect the family to both hospitality and hostility branches.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstruction is directly cited, but no numeric prehistoric interval or single point location is inferred from comparative lexical evidence.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/92","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostile"},{"cursor":93,"id":93,"entryId":24,"entrySlug":"hostile","stepOrder":2,"place":"Latin-speaking Roman world","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","note":"Latin hostis is reported in early use as foreigner or stranger and later as enemy. The semantic narrowing turns the reciprocal outsider into the hostile outsider without severing the shared ancestry.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The early-to-later Latin semantic change is directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not supply one defensible numeric transition date.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/93","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostile"},{"cursor":94,"id":94,"entryId":24,"entrySlug":"hostile","stepOrder":3,"place":"Middle French and learned Latin hostile","dateLabel":"pre-1580 learned transmission; exact donor chronology unresolved","note":"English hostile is borrowed from Middle French and Latin; Latin hostīlis is built from hostis “enemy” plus the relational suffix -īlis.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The borrowing sources are directly cited, but the 1580 English first-use year does not date every Middle French or learned-Latin donor occurrence.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/94","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostile"},{"cursor":95,"id":95,"entryId":24,"entrySlug":"hostile","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language hostile senses","dateLabel":"1580 first-known-use horizon onward","note":"From the enemy-related adjective, English hostile expands to unfriendly, oppositional, legal, corporate, workplace, and environmental senses.","dateStart":1580,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with Merriam-Webster’s 1580 first-known-use year. It does not imply that every later legal, corporate, social, or environmental extension arose then.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/95","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostile"},{"cursor":96,"id":96,"entryId":25,"entrySlug":"hospital","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin hospitāle lodging tradition","dateLabel":"Roman and medieval Latin transmission; exact interval unresolved","note":"Medieval Latin hospitāle, from the hospes hospitality family, names a house or lodging for travelers and guests. The linguistic tradition is distributed rather than one mappable institution.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin formation and lodging sense are directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not delimit one numeric interval for their full transmission.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/96","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hospital"},{"cursor":97,"id":97,"entryId":25,"entrySlug":"hospital","stepOrder":2,"place":"Anglo-French and Middle English transmission","dateLabel":"medieval borrowing; exact interval unresolved","note":"Anglo-French hospital and ospitale carry the lodging-and-charity institution into Middle English.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Anglo-French route is directly cited, but the reviewed entry does not provide one conservative numeric borrowing interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/97","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hospital"},{"cursor":98,"id":98,"entryId":25,"entrySlug":"hospital","stepOrder":3,"place":"English lodging, charity, and care institutions","dateLabel":"14th–15th c. semantic transition","note":"English hospital is reported in the fourteenth century for lodging or charitable residence; fifteenth-century use develops toward an institution caring for sick or injured people.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The interval conservatively combines the fourteenth-century English first-use horizon and the cited fifteenth-century medical development; it is not an exact institutional chronology.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/98","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hospital"},{"cursor":99,"id":99,"entryId":25,"entrySlug":"hospital","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language hospital senses","dateLabel":"15th c. medical institution onward","note":"The medical institution becomes the modern center while hospital also retains institutional and specialized care senses.","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the cited fifteenth-century medical development. It does not date every modern institutional specialization to that century.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/99","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hospital"},{"cursor":100,"id":100,"entryId":26,"entrySlug":"hotel","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin hospitāle lodging tradition","dateLabel":"Roman and medieval Latin transmission; exact interval unresolved","note":"Hospitāle names accommodation for guests and travelers, the shared departure point for hospital, hostel, hotel, and hospice routes.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin lodging word is directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not delimit one numeric interval for its distributed use.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/100","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hotel"},{"cursor":101,"id":101,"entryId":26,"entrySlug":"hotel","stepOrder":2,"place":"French hostel / ostel / hôtel forms","dateLabel":"Old French to modern French development; exact interval unresolved","note":"Old French hostel or ostel develops into hôtel, with the lost s later signaled by the circumflex. This is the French branch that English hotel borrows.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The French formal route is directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not supply one conservative interval for the entire development.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/101","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hotel"},{"cursor":102,"id":102,"entryId":26,"entrySlug":"hotel","stepOrder":3,"place":"English hotel borrowing","dateLabel":"1687 first-known-use horizon","note":"English borrows French hôtel as hotel for an establishment providing lodging and related services.","dateStart":1687,"dateEnd":1687,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1687 is the reviewed English first-known-use year, not an exact date for every French-to-English contact or occurrence.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/102","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hotel"},{"cursor":103,"id":103,"entryId":26,"entrySlug":"hotel","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language hotel senses","dateLabel":"1687 lodging establishment onward","note":"Hotel continues as the English term for an establishment offering lodging and often meals, entertainment, or personal services.","dateStart":1687,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the cited 1687 English first-use horizon. It does not assign every later service or institutional extension to that year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/103","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hotel"},{"cursor":104,"id":104,"entryId":27,"entrySlug":"nice","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","note":"The comparison of Latin scīre with a reconstructed cutting or separating root is published but disputed; it remains unpinned and unnormalized.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The sources disagree about formation and semantic development, so no numeric prehistoric interval is attached to this proposed route stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/104","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/nice"},{"cursor":105,"id":105,"entryId":27,"entrySlug":"nice","stepOrder":2,"place":"Latin-speaking Roman world","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","note":"Latin nescius “ignorant” belongs to the negative nescīre “not know” family built around scīre “know.” The deeper prehistory remains outside this attested stage.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexical family is directly cited, but the route does not treat “Latin antiquity” as one source-bounded numeric interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/105","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/nice"},{"cursor":106,"id":106,"entryId":27,"entrySlug":"nice","stepOrder":3,"place":"Anglo-French England","dateLabel":"14th c. English first-known-use horizon","note":"Nice enters Middle English through Anglo-French with foolish, wanton, silly, and simple senses.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The whole fourteenth century is exposed as a conservative first-known-use horizon, not an invented exact borrowing year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/106","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/nice"},{"cursor":107,"id":107,"entryId":27,"entrySlug":"nice","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language nice senses","dateLabel":"19th c. onward","note":"Pleasant and agreeable senses become established in the nineteenth century while precision and fastidiousness senses survive.","dateStart":1800,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The source places the familiar pleasant and agreeable development in the nineteenth century; the interval remains open into current usage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/107","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/nice"},{"cursor":108,"id":108,"entryId":28,"entrySlug":"science","stepOrder":1,"place":"Proposed Indo-European comparison","dateLabel":"reconstructed *skei- comparison; chronology unresolved","note":"American Heritage publishes a route from reconstructed *skei- “cut, split” through distinguishing to knowing. Merriam-Webster records competing formations and calls that semantic progression questionable, so SET-U presents the comparison as disputed.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstruction and direct scholarly challenge are both cited. Their disagreement prevents one numeric prehistoric interval or homeland point from being promoted.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/108","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/science"},{"cursor":109,"id":109,"entryId":28,"entrySlug":"science","stepOrder":2,"place":"Latin scientia knowledge tradition","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity; exact interval unresolved","note":"Latin scientia names knowledge, awareness, understanding, a branch of knowledge, and learning, from sciens and scīre “know.”","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin formation and senses are directly cited, but the reviewed lexical source does not delimit one numeric interval for their complete history.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/109","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/science"},{"cursor":110,"id":110,"entryId":28,"entrySlug":"science","stepOrder":3,"place":"Anglo-French and Middle English learning vocabulary","dateLabel":"14th c. English first-known-use horizon","note":"Anglo-French science or cience enters Middle English for knowledge, learning, ability to know, or a branch of learning.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The whole fourteenth century is exposed as the source-reported English first-use horizon, not an exact borrowing year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/110","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/science"},{"cursor":111,"id":111,"entryId":28,"entrySlug":"science","stepOrder":4,"place":"Modern science senses","dateLabel":"systematic and natural-knowledge specialization; onset unresolved","note":"Modern science centers tested, systematized knowledge and the natural sciences while the older general “knowledge” sense remains visible in the history.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The older and current semantic centers are directly cited, but the reviewed source does not justify one numeric onset for a worldwide specialization stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/111","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/science"},{"cursor":112,"id":112,"entryId":29,"entrySlug":"decimate","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","note":"The numeral *dekm̥ “ten” is a comparative reconstruction. AHD identifies its older form as *dek̑m̥ and explicitly lists decimate among the Latin decem descendants.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The source supports the reconstructed numeral and descendant family but does not assign this lexical stage one defensible calendar interval or point location.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/112","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/decimate"},{"cursor":113,"id":113,"entryId":29,"entrySlug":"decimate","stepOrder":2,"place":"Roman world","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","note":"Latin decimāre is built from decimus “tenth,” from decem “ten,” and includes the historical selection and killing of every tenth member.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Latin derivation and Roman punishment sense are directly cited, but the reviewed sources do not delimit one conservative numeric interval for the full Latin stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/113","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/decimate"},{"cursor":114,"id":114,"entryId":29,"entrySlug":"decimate","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"by 1660; sources disagree on the earliest record","note":"Merriam-Webster’s dictionary reports 1660 for the every-tenth English sense, while its usage essay reports a record at the end of the sixteenth century. SET-U preserves the discrepancy instead of choosing a false exact date.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1660,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The before-1661 bound contains both reviewed reports: a dictionary first-known-use year of 1660 and the same publisher’s usage essay placing its earliest record at the end of the sixteenth century.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/114","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/decimate"},{"cursor":115,"id":115,"entryId":29,"entrySlug":"decimate","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language decimate senses","dateLabel":"17th c. onward","note":"The drastic-reduction and severe-destruction senses are not a recent mistake: Merriam-Webster reports that the broader meaning arose within a few decades and has been used steadily since the seventeenth century.","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins at the start of the source-reported seventeenth-century horizon. It is a conservative century boundary, not an invented exact broadening year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/115","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/decimate"},{"cursor":116,"id":116,"entryId":30,"entrySlug":"decimal","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","note":"The numeral *dekm̥ “ten” is a comparative reconstruction. AHD explicitly includes decimal among the Latin decem descendants.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The source supports the reconstructed numeral and descendant family but does not supply one defensible numeric interval or point location for this prehistoric stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/116","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/decimal"},{"cursor":117,"id":117,"entryId":30,"entrySlug":"decimal","stepOrder":2,"place":"Latin-speaking and medieval European scholarly worlds","dateLabel":"Antiquity–medieval period","note":"French décimal continues Medieval Latin decimalis “of a tithe,” from Latin decima “tithe”; the attested learned chain is kept separate from the deeper reconstructed numeral stage.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The etymological chain is directly cited, but the present source does not delimit one numeric interval covering both the Latin and medieval scholarly stages.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/117","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/decimal"},{"cursor":118,"id":118,"entryId":30,"entrySlug":"decimal","stepOrder":3,"place":"French source and English mathematical use","dateLabel":"1608 English adjective first-known-use horizon","note":"The French adjective enters English mathematical vocabulary; Merriam-Webster reports 1608 for the adjective’s first known English use.","dateStart":1608,"dateEnd":1608,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1608 is the reviewed English adjective first-known-use year. It does not pretend to date every French occurrence or the entire borrowing process.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/118","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/decimal"},{"cursor":119,"id":119,"entryId":30,"entrySlug":"decimal","stepOrder":4,"place":"Base-ten mathematical usage","dateLabel":"1608 adjective; 1623 noun; current use","note":"Decimal functions as a base-ten adjective and noun. Merriam-Webster reports the adjective in 1608 and the noun in 1623, with both continuing in current mathematical use.","dateStart":1608,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1608 adjective horizon; the noun’s separate 1623 horizon remains explicit in the label and evidence note.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/119","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/decimal"},{"cursor":120,"id":120,"entryId":31,"entrySlug":"december","stepOrder":1,"place":"Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","note":"The numeral *dekm̥ “ten” is a comparative reconstruction. AHD explicitly includes December among the Latin decem descendants.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The source supports the reconstructed numeral and descendant family but does not supply one defensible numeric interval or point location for this prehistoric stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/120","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/december"},{"cursor":121,"id":121,"entryId":31,"entrySlug":"december","stepOrder":2,"place":"Roman world","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","note":"Latin December literally names the “tenth month” from decem “ten”; in the early Roman calendar the year began with March.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexical motivation and March-start calendar are directly cited, but the reviewed dictionary entry does not delimit one numeric interval for the whole Roman stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/121","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/december"},{"cursor":122,"id":122,"entryId":31,"entrySlug":"december","stepOrder":3,"place":"English transmission from Old English or Anglo-French","dateLabel":"before the 12th c. English first-known-use horizon","note":"Middle English Decembre continues an Old English or Anglo-French form ultimately borrowed from Latin December.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1199,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"Merriam-Webster reports English use before the twelfth century. The before-1200 bound does not choose between the cited Old English and Anglo-French transmission alternatives.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/122","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/december"},{"cursor":123,"id":123,"entryId":31,"entrySlug":"december","stepOrder":4,"place":"Gregorian-calendar December usage","dateLabel":"current month-twelve sense; diffusion onset unresolved","note":"The inherited name built from “ten” now denotes the twelfth month of the Gregorian calendar. No single global diffusion point or onset is inferred.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The current definition establishes the month-twelve sense, not one defensible numeric onset for its distributed Gregorian-calendar use.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/123","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/december"},{"cursor":124,"id":124,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","stepOrder":1,"place":"Achaemenid Iran","dateLabel":"Achaemenid period, c. 550–330 BCE","note":"Old Persian xšāyaθiya is attested in official Achaemenid royal protocol and continues in Middle and New Persian šāh.","dateStart":-550,"dateEnd":-330,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The range locates the attested Achaemenid royal-title stage, not an exact coinage date for xšāyaθiya.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/124","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/check"},{"cursor":125,"id":125,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","stepOrder":2,"place":"Persian-speaking Iran","dateLabel":"Middle and New Persian periods","note":"The Old Persian royal title continues as Middle and New Persian šāh and becomes part of Persian chess vocabulary; the distributed linguistic stage is deliberately unpinned.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The sources establish historical continuation and chess use but do not supply one numeric interval for the entire Middle-to-New Persian stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/125","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/check"},{"cursor":126,"id":126,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","stepOrder":3,"place":"Arabic-speaking chess cultures","dateLabel":"7th–10th centuries","note":"Arabic chess vocabulary borrows Persian šāh “king”; the royal title becomes the call naming the threatened king.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The borrowing path is directly cited, but no single numeric interval is promoted for its distributed Arabic chess stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/126","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/check"},{"cursor":127,"id":127,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","stepOrder":4,"place":"Northern France and England","dateLabel":"14th–15th c. English first-use horizons","note":"Anglo-French eschec and Old French eschac / eschés reach Middle English chek / chekke; the verb is reported in the fourteenth century and the noun in the fifteenth.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The interval conservatively combines the reviewed fourteenth-century verb and fifteenth-century noun first-use horizons instead of dating the full French transmission.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/127","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/check"},{"cursor":128,"id":128,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","stepOrder":5,"place":"English commercial networks","dateLabel":"early 18th c. onward","note":"The restraint sense is applied first to an anti-forgery counterfoil and then to the bank draft itself.","dateStart":1700,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The source places counterfoil usage in the early eighteenth century and the bank-draft sense after it; the interval remains open rather than inventing an end.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/128","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/check"},{"cursor":129,"id":129,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","stepOrder":6,"place":"English-language check senses","dateLabel":"current sense network; onset unresolved","note":"Verification, marking, restraint, comparison, and banking senses coexist in current English. No single diffusion date or map point is inferred.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Current dictionary senses establish coexistence, not one defensible numeric onset for the distributed semantic network.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/129","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/check"},{"cursor":130,"id":130,"entryId":33,"entrySlug":"chess","stepOrder":1,"place":"Northern Indian game tradition","dateLabel":"6th c. first-certain caturaṅga evidence","note":"The first certain caturaṅga game-name evidence belongs to a sixth-century Indian military-game tradition; earlier origin stories remain less secure.","dateStart":500,"dateEnd":599,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The sixth century is the source’s first-certain documentary horizon, not an exact invention date or one point of origin.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/130","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chess"},{"cursor":131,"id":131,"entryId":33,"entrySlug":"chess","stepOrder":2,"place":"Persian chess traditions","dateLabel":"late Sasanian transmission probable; certain records later","note":"The game is reported as reaching Persia in the sixth century and appears as Middle Persian čatrang and later Persian or Arabic šatranj. Legendary narratives and later redactions make a single exact interval unsafe.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The Persian transmission and game names are cited, but the source distinguishes historical evidence from later narrative traditions and does not license one normalized interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/131","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chess"},{"cursor":132,"id":132,"entryId":33,"entrySlug":"chess","stepOrder":3,"place":"Arabic chess networks","dateLabel":"early Islamic transmission; exact interval unresolved","note":"Arabic-speaking chess networks receive the game and Persian terminology and carry them westward through the early Islamic world.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The direction of transmission is directly cited, but the reviewed history does not delimit one numeric interval for the distributed Arabic network.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/132","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chess"},{"cursor":133,"id":133,"entryId":33,"entrySlug":"chess","stepOrder":4,"place":"French game name and Middle English chess","dateLabel":"14th c. English first-known-use horizon; French route earlier","note":"French plural escheks or eschez, literally the chess “checks,” becomes Middle English chesse, ches, or esches. Persian-to-European game transmission predates the English record.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The numeric bound records the cited fourteenth-century English first-use horizon only; it does not date the earlier French formation or every European transmission event.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/133","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chess"},{"cursor":134,"id":134,"entryId":33,"entrySlug":"chess","stepOrder":5,"place":"English-language and international chess nomenclature","dateLabel":"14th c. English game name onward; later global adoption","note":"The inherited English game name persists while rules change and chess becomes global. The unrelated grass called chess remains a separate word of unknown origin.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the cited fourteenth-century English game-name horizon. It does not date worldwide adoption or every rule change to that century.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/134","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chess"},{"cursor":135,"id":135,"entryId":34,"entrySlug":"checkmate","stepOrder":1,"place":"Persian-speaking chess culture","dateLabel":"late antique–early Islamic period","note":"The Persian chess expression presents the trapped king as helpless or paralyzed rather than securely “dead.” The stage is linguistic and cultural, not one point on a map.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The cited chess history supports the Persian analysis but does not assign this lexical stage one conservative numeric interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/135","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/checkmate"},{"cursor":136,"id":136,"entryId":34,"entrySlug":"checkmate","stepOrder":2,"place":"Arabic-speaking chess cultures","dateLabel":"7th–11th centuries","note":"Arabic chess usage receives the Persian expression while a native Arabic “has died” analysis remains a historically influential but less likely reinterpretation.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The transmission and competing interpretation are cited, but their present sources do not delimit one numeric Arabic-stage interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/136","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/checkmate"},{"cursor":137,"id":137,"entryId":34,"entrySlug":"checkmate","stepOrder":3,"place":"France and England","dateLabel":"14th–15th c. English first-use horizons","note":"Anglo-French eschec mat reaches Middle English chekmat and the derived verb chekmaten; the verb is reported in the fourteenth century and the noun in the fifteenth.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The interval conservatively combines the reviewed fourteenth-century verb and fifteenth-century noun first-use horizons; it does not date every French or English occurrence.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/137","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/checkmate"},{"cursor":138,"id":138,"entryId":34,"entrySlug":"checkmate","stepOrder":4,"place":"European chess culture","dateLabel":"15th–17th centuries","note":"European chess rules changed substantially from the fifteenth through early seventeenth centuries, while the checkmate victory term persisted.","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":1699,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The broad 1400–1699 interval contains the source's mid-fifteenth-century queen reform and early-seventeenth-century castling reform without inventing exact years.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/138","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/checkmate"},{"cursor":139,"id":139,"entryId":34,"entrySlug":"checkmate","stepOrder":5,"place":"English-language checkmate senses","dateLabel":"current chess and figurative senses; onset unresolved","note":"Modern English preserves both the inescapable chess position and the figurative sense “thwart completely.” No global diffusion date is inferred.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Current definitions support coexistence of the chess and figurative senses, not one defensible onset for a worldwide stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/139","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/checkmate"},{"cursor":140,"id":140,"entryId":35,"entrySlug":"shah","stepOrder":1,"place":"Achaemenid royal-title tradition","dateLabel":"Achaemenid period, c. 550–330 BCE","note":"Old Persian xšāyaθiya is attested in official Achaemenid royal protocol and continues historically toward Middle and New Persian šāh.","dateStart":-550,"dateEnd":-330,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The range locates the attested Achaemenid title stage, not an exact coinage date for xšāyaθiya or every inscription.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/140","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/shah"},{"cursor":141,"id":141,"entryId":35,"entrySlug":"shah","stepOrder":2,"place":"Persian royal and chess terminology","dateLabel":"Middle and New Persian continuation; exact interval unresolved","note":"Old Persian xšāyaθiya continues as Middle and New Persian šāh “king”; the title also becomes part of Persian chess terminology.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The historical continuation and chess use are directly cited, but no single numeric interval represents the whole distributed Persian stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/141","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/shah"},{"cursor":142,"id":142,"entryId":35,"entrySlug":"shah","stepOrder":3,"place":"English shah borrowing","dateLabel":"1566 first-known-use horizon","note":"English directly borrows Persian shāh as the title of an Iranian sovereign.","dateStart":1566,"dateEnd":1566,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1566 is the reviewed English first-known-use year, not an exact date for every borrowing event or title occurrence.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/142","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/shah"},{"cursor":143,"id":143,"entryId":35,"entrySlug":"shah","stepOrder":4,"place":"English-language shah usage","dateLabel":"1566 title onward; modern historical usage","note":"Shah remains the English historical and political title for sovereigns of Iran and related Persian royal contexts.","dateStart":1566,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the cited 1566 English horizon. It does not date every international historical or political use to that year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/143","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/shah"},{"cursor":144,"id":144,"entryId":36,"entrySlug":"tea","stepOrder":1,"place":"Chinese linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Old Chinese reconstruction","note":"Baxter and Sagart reconstruct *lˤra for 茶; a reconstruction is not a pinpointed archaeological location.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstruction is linguistically ordered but the cited table does not assign this route stage one calendar interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/144","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/tea"},{"cursor":145,"id":145,"entryId":36,"entrySlug":"tea","stepOrder":2,"place":"Xiamen, Fujian","dateLabel":"Southern Min contact era","note":"The te-type form associated with Amoy/Xiamen enters the Dutch maritime network.","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":1699,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"Dutch contact and maritime diffusion are encoded only at seventeenth-century precision.","latitudeE6":24479800,"longitudeE6":118089400,"geographicConfidence":"approximate","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/145","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/tea"},{"cursor":146,"id":146,"entryId":36,"entrySlug":"tea","stepOrder":3,"place":"Dutch maritime network","dateLabel":"17th century","note":"Dutch thee spreads through European commerce and later colonial routes.","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":1699,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"Dutch contact and maritime diffusion are encoded only at seventeenth-century precision.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/146","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/tea"},{"cursor":147,"id":147,"entryId":36,"entrySlug":"tea","stepOrder":4,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1655 onward","note":"The English tea form is lexicographically reported by 1655.","dateStart":1655,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The English tea stage begins with the reviewed 1655 first-known-use year and remains open into current usage.","latitudeE6":52355500,"longitudeE6":-1174300,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/147","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/tea"},{"cursor":148,"id":148,"entryId":36,"entrySlug":"tea","stepOrder":5,"place":"Global te-type distribution","dateLabel":"Modern era","note":"WALS classifies 84 of its 230-language sample as deriving from Min Nan te-type forms.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The modern typological distribution is a sampled global state, not a single historical interval with a defensible start year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/148","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/tea"},{"cursor":149,"id":149,"entryId":37,"entrySlug":"chai","stepOrder":1,"place":"Chinese linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Old and Middle Chinese reconstructions","note":"The cha branch is connected to reconstructed *drae and *lˤra, without pretending that a reconstruction has one exact map point.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstruction is linguistically ordered but the cited table does not assign this route stage one calendar interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/149","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chai"},{"cursor":150,"id":150,"entryId":37,"entrySlug":"chai","stepOrder":2,"place":"Eurasian overland networks","dateLabel":"Historical diffusion","note":"WALS identifies an overland tendency for cha/chai-type forms, with route-specific exceptions.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The source supports an overland transmission tendency but does not provide one numeric interval for the distributed network.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/150","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chai"},{"cursor":151,"id":151,"entryId":37,"entrySlug":"chai","stepOrder":3,"place":"Persian-speaking world","dateLabel":"By the 11th century in a source report","note":"Encyclopaedia Iranica reports Bīrūnī discussing čāy and its use in China and Tibet.","dateStart":1000,"dateEnd":1049,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The source places Biruni's report in the first half of the eleventh century; the encoded interval is 1000–1049.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/151","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chai"},{"cursor":152,"id":152,"entryId":37,"entrySlug":"chai","stepOrder":4,"place":"South Asia","dateLabel":"Modern Hindi–Urdu","note":"The general tea word cāy becomes the culturally salient source family for English culinary chai.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The source establishes modern Hindi and Urdu forms but does not identify one defensible start year for the South Asian stage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/152","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chai"},{"cursor":153,"id":153,"entryId":37,"entrySlug":"chai","stepOrder":5,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1984 onward","note":"Merriam-Webster dates the current English chai entry to 1984.","dateStart":1984,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The global-English stage begins with the reviewed 1984 first-known-use year for culinary chai and remains open.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/153","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/chai"},{"cursor":154,"id":154,"entryId":38,"entrySlug":"ten","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European reconstruction","note":"The dossier reaches reconstructed *dekm̥. This is a linguistic horizon, not a pinpointed archaeological location.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The root source supplies a reconstruction and cognate set but not one datable place or event.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/154","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/ten"},{"cursor":155,"id":155,"entryId":38,"entrySlug":"ten","stepOrder":2,"place":"Germanic and Old English continuum","dateLabel":"Proto-Germanic reconstruction through Old English","note":"Germanic *tehun develops into Old English tīen and tēn. The graph shows linguistic stages without pretending that each had one capital or border.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The forms are directly cited, but their inheritance spans communities and centuries rather than one source-dated event.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/155","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/ten"},{"cursor":156,"id":156,"entryId":38,"entrySlug":"ten","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"recorded before the 12th century","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English ten before the twelfth century, retaining the inherited Germanic numeral.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1099,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The upper bound encodes the dictionary’s “before the 12th century” convention; it is not an exact coinage year.","latitudeE6":52355500,"longitudeE6":-1174300,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/156","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/ten"},{"cursor":157,"id":157,"entryId":38,"entrySlug":"ten","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"inherited word to the present","note":"The cardinal number persists while noun, rating, money, and idiomatic uses accumulate.","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval represents continuing English use after the medieval horizon, not the date of every later specialized sense.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/157","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/ten"},{"cursor":158,"id":158,"entryId":39,"entrySlug":"dime","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin tenth-word family","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","note":"Latin decem, decimus, and decima connect the cardinal, ordinal, and tenth-part meanings inherited by the dossier.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexical relationships are directly cited, but the selected sources do not delimit one point location or onset for all three Latin forms.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/158","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/dime"},{"cursor":159,"id":159,"entryId":39,"entrySlug":"dime","stepOrder":2,"place":"Anglo-French and Middle English","dateLabel":"medieval transmission","note":"Anglo-French disme or dime enters Middle English as a tenth part or tithe, centuries before the United States coin.","dateStart":1150,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The range conservatively represents the Middle English period, not the exact date of every French or English occurrence.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/159","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/dime"},{"cursor":160,"id":160,"entryId":39,"entrySlug":"dime","stepOrder":3,"place":"United States","dateLabel":"1786 coin-sense horizon","note":"The older tenth-word is applied to the ten-cent coin. Merriam-Webster reports 1786 as the first known use for that sense.","dateStart":1786,"dateEnd":1786,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1786 is the reviewed lexicographic first-use year for the coin sense, not proof of the first spoken use.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/160","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/dime"},{"cursor":161,"id":161,"entryId":39,"entrySlug":"dime","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1786 onward","note":"The coin name continues and develops money, cost, basketball-pass, and accurate-throw senses without losing its ten-based identity.","dateStart":1786,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The interval begins with the reviewed coin horizon; later figurative senses are not all assigned to 1786.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/161","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/dime"},{"cursor":162,"id":162,"entryId":40,"entrySlug":"hostel","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin and Gallo-Romance hospitality network","dateLabel":"Latin hospitāle to Anglo-French ostel","note":"The lodging noun moves through Gallo-Romance before appearing in English. The route is linguistic and distributed rather than one mappable trip.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The derivation is directly cited, but no single conservative numeric interval or point location covers the whole Romance development.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/162","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostel"},{"cursor":163,"id":163,"entryId":40,"entrySlug":"hostel","stepOrder":2,"place":"England","dateLabel":"14th-century English record","note":"Middle English hostel names lodging, accommodation, an inn, or a dwelling place.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The century range represents the dictionary’s rounded first-known-use horizon, not a precise manuscript date.","latitudeE6":52355500,"longitudeE6":-1174300,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/163","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostel"},{"cursor":164,"id":164,"entryId":40,"entrySlug":"hostel","stepOrder":3,"place":"British English revival","dateLabel":"early 19th-century revival","note":"After reduced currency, hostel returns prominently in the nineteenth century while older institutional-lodging senses continue.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The family history describes an early nineteenth-century revival but does not provide one exact year in the reviewed source.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/164","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostel"},{"cursor":165,"id":165,"entryId":40,"entrySlug":"hostel","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global travel network","dateLabel":"modern inexpensive-lodging sense","note":"Hostel becomes especially associated with inexpensive, dormitory-style, and youth travel accommodation.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The current definition is directly supported; the reviewed source does not assign one universal onset to the global specialization.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/165","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostel"},{"cursor":166,"id":166,"entryId":41,"entrySlug":"hospice","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin hospitality network","dateLabel":"Latin and Medieval Latin","note":"Hospes and hospitium name reciprocal hospitality, accommodation, and guest shelter before the French and English forms.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexical derivation is cited, but its distributed Latin use does not resolve to one point or exact interval here.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/166","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hospice"},{"cursor":167,"id":167,"entryId":41,"entrySlug":"hospice","stepOrder":2,"place":"French-speaking Europe","dateLabel":"Middle French transmission","note":"Middle French hospise or hospice adapts Medieval Latin hospitium and carries the lodging or shelter sense.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The interval represents the Middle French language stage rather than a claimed first occurrence.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/167","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hospice"},{"cursor":168,"id":168,"entryId":41,"entrySlug":"hospice","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1818 English lodging horizon","note":"English hospice is first reported in 1818 for a lodging, especially one maintained by a religious order.","dateStart":1818,"dateEnd":1818,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1818 is the reviewed first-known-use year for the lodging sense, not for modern palliative medicine.","latitudeE6":52355500,"longitudeE6":-1174300,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/168","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hospice"},{"cursor":169,"id":169,"entryId":41,"entrySlug":"hospice","stepOrder":4,"place":"Modern palliative-care network","dateLabel":"by the end of the 19th century onward","note":"The lodging-and-care institution specializes toward facilities and programs supporting terminally ill people and their families.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The family history places the extension by the end of the nineteenth century but does not provide one exact onset in the reviewed record.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/169","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hospice"},{"cursor":170,"id":170,"entryId":42,"entrySlug":"lesson","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin reading culture","dateLabel":"Latin legere and lectio","note":"The gathering-and-selecting verb legere develops a reading sense, and lectio names the act or selection of reading.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexical derivation is directly cited, but the source does not delimit one single Roman place or date for the semantic development.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/170","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lesson"},{"cursor":171,"id":171,"entryId":42,"entrySlug":"lesson","stepOrder":2,"place":"Anglo-French transmission","dateLabel":"medieval transmission","note":"Anglo-French leçon carries the reading word into Middle English.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The borrowing route is explicit; one exact transmission date is not supplied.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/171","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lesson"},{"cursor":172,"id":172,"entryId":42,"entrySlug":"lesson","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"13th-century English record","note":"English lesson is recorded for the reading-and-instruction family in the thirteenth century.","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":1299,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The century band reflects the dictionary’s rounded first-known-use horizon.","latitudeE6":52355500,"longitudeE6":-1174300,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/172","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lesson"},{"cursor":173,"id":173,"entryId":42,"entrySlug":"lesson","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"reading, instruction, and learned-experience senses","note":"Lesson expands from a reading or assigned text to instruction and to something learned through experience.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The current senses are directly documented, but the reviewed source does not give one onset for each semantic branch.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/173","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lesson"},{"cursor":174,"id":174,"entryId":43,"entrySlug":"select","stepOrder":1,"place":"Latin linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Latin seligere and selectus","note":"Latin se- “apart” combines with legere “gather, select”; selectus names what has been chosen.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The morphological analysis is explicit, but the source does not locate the Latin formation at one point or exact year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/174","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/select"},{"cursor":175,"id":175,"entryId":43,"entrySlug":"select","stepOrder":2,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1565 adjective horizon","note":"English select is first reported in 1565 as an adjective for something chosen from a group.","dateStart":1565,"dateEnd":1565,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1565 is the reviewed first-known-use year for the adjective, not the date of every borrowing occurrence.","latitudeE6":52355500,"longitudeE6":-1174300,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/175","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/select"},{"cursor":176,"id":176,"entryId":43,"entrySlug":"select","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1566 verb horizon","note":"The English verb select is reported from 1566 for choosing from a number or group.","dateStart":1566,"dateEnd":1566,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1566 is the reviewed first-known-use year for the verb.","latitudeE6":52355500,"longitudeE6":-1174300,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/176","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/select"},{"cursor":177,"id":177,"entryId":43,"entrySlug":"select","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1566 onward","note":"Select continues in ordinary choice and develops technical, computational, institutional, and biological uses.","dateStart":1566,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval tracks the English verb after its reviewed horizon; later specialized senses are not all dated to 1566.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/177","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/select"},{"cursor":178,"id":178,"entryId":44,"entrySlug":"hostis","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European reconstruction","note":"The dossier reaches reconstructed *ghos-ti-. The form describes a comparative linguistic relationship, not one archaeological point.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The comparative sources do not assign one directly evidenced place or numeric onset to the reconstruction.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/178","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostis"},{"cursor":179,"id":179,"entryId":44,"entrySlug":"hostis","stepOrder":2,"place":"Early Latin legal and foreign relations","dateLabel":"older Roman usage","note":"Hostis names a foreigner, stranger, or legally recognized outsider before the later enemy-centered restriction.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Lewis and Short report the semantic contrast but not one first occurrence or point location for the older sense.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/179","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostis"},{"cursor":180,"id":180,"entryId":44,"entrySlug":"hostis","stepOrder":3,"place":"Rome","dateLabel":"Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimony","note":"Cicero explicitly contrasts the ancestral outsider sense with the later armed-enemy restriction.","dateStart":-44,"dateEnd":-44,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year locates Cicero’s De officiis testimony, not the beginning of either sense.","latitudeE6":41902800,"longitudeE6":12496100,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/180","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostis"},{"cursor":181,"id":181,"entryId":44,"entrySlug":"hostis","stepOrder":4,"place":"Classical Latin literary and political usage","dateLabel":"enemy-centered classical record","note":"Hostis is widely used for an enemy in arms or of the state while older semantic history remains visible to Roman authors.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexicon cites many authors, but no single universal end date or geographic point is asserted.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/181","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hostis"},{"cursor":182,"id":182,"entryId":45,"entrySlug":"mys","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European reconstruction","note":"Comparative evidence reconstructs *mūs- across Greek, Latin, Germanic, and other branches without locating one archaeological point.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The root sources establish comparison, not one datable migration event.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/182","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mys"},{"cursor":183,"id":183,"entryId":45,"entrySlug":"mys","stepOrder":2,"place":"Ancient Greek literary world","dateLabel":"mouse sense in Greek literature","note":"The Liddell–Scott entry cites the mouse word in the Batrachomyomachia, Herodotus, and Theocritus.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The citations span genres and periods; SET-U does not turn them into an invented first-use interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/183","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mys"},{"cursor":184,"id":184,"entryId":45,"entrySlug":"mys","stepOrder":3,"place":"Ancient Greek anatomical vocabulary","dateLabel":"mouse and muscle polysemy","note":"The same entry records μῦς as a body muscle as well as a mouse.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The semantic coexistence is explicit, but the reviewed source does not date one moment of metaphorical innovation.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/184","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mys"},{"cursor":185,"id":185,"entryId":45,"entrySlug":"mys","stepOrder":4,"place":"Modern Greece","dateLabel":"current anatomical usage","note":"Modern Greek μυς is the ordinary anatomical muscle word, with a learned mouse sense also recorded.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The modern dictionary supports current use; it does not supply one numeric onset for the surviving anatomical branch.","latitudeE6":37983763,"longitudeE6":23727700,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/185","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mys"},{"cursor":186,"id":186,"entryId":46,"entrySlug":"nescience","stepOrder":1,"place":"Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"disputed prehistory of Latin scīre","note":"The dossier preserves the proposed *skei- comparison without treating a discern-from-cutting path as settled or geographically pinpointed.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The sources explicitly dispute the deeper analysis and do not provide one datable place.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"uncertain","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/186","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/nescience"},{"cursor":187,"id":187,"entryId":46,"entrySlug":"nescience","stepOrder":2,"place":"Latin learned vocabulary","dateLabel":"Latin nescīre to Late Latin nescientia","note":"The negative knowing verb and participle produce an abstract noun for lack of knowledge.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The morphological lineage is explicit, but the reviewed source supplies no single place or first date for the Latin formations.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/187","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/nescience"},{"cursor":188,"id":188,"entryId":46,"entrySlug":"nescience","stepOrder":3,"place":"England","dateLabel":"1612 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports nescience in English in 1612 with the meaning lack of knowledge or awareness.","dateStart":1612,"dateEnd":1612,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1612 is the reviewed lexicographic first-use year, not proof of the first spoken use.","latitudeE6":52355500,"longitudeE6":-1174300,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/188","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/nescience"},{"cursor":189,"id":189,"entryId":46,"entrySlug":"nescience","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1612 onward","note":"Nescience remains an uncommon learned noun for ignorance or lack of awareness.","dateStart":1612,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The interval begins at the reviewed English horizon; it does not date every later occurrence or variety.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/189","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/nescience"},{"cursor":190,"id":190,"entryId":47,"entrySlug":"liebe","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European reconstruction","note":"Comparative evidence reconstructs *lewbʰ- without turning the root into an excavated word or assigning it one exact point.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The root source establishes linguistic comparison but no single directly evidenced date or location.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/190","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liebe"},{"cursor":191,"id":191,"entryId":47,"entrySlug":"liebe","stepOrder":2,"place":"Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Germanic abstract-noun formation","note":"The German branch develops an abstract love noun reconstructed as *leubīn, distinct from the *lubō formation behind English lufu.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Comparative morphology supports the formation; the reviewed sources do not supply one exact archaeological location or date.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/191","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liebe"},{"cursor":192,"id":192,"entryId":47,"entrySlug":"liebe","stepOrder":3,"place":"Old High German textual world","dateLabel":"10th-century liubî records","note":"The EWA article reports liubî and lioba in glosses and named Old High German sources from the tenth century.","dateStart":900,"dateEnd":999,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The century belongs to the reported Old High German textual horizon, not a claim about first spoken use.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/192","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liebe"},{"cursor":193,"id":193,"entryId":47,"entrySlug":"liebe","stepOrder":4,"place":"Middle High German textual continuum","dateLabel":"Middle High German liebe","note":"The noun continues as Middle High German liebe before the modern German form.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexical sequence is explicit, but the headword sources do not assign one numeric first-use interval here.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/193","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liebe"},{"cursor":194,"id":194,"entryId":47,"entrySlug":"liebe","stepOrder":5,"place":"Present-day German","dateLabel":"modern Liebe","note":"Duden records the living feminine noun and its broad contemporary meanings.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Current standard-language use is documented without inventing one onset date or point coordinate.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/194","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liebe"},{"cursor":195,"id":195,"entryId":48,"entrySlug":"lief","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European reconstruction","note":"The Dutch adjective ultimately reaches reconstructed *lewbʰ-, a comparison rather than one datable migration event.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The comparative root source does not establish one exact date or place.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/195","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lief"},{"cursor":196,"id":196,"entryId":48,"entrySlug":"lief","stepOrder":2,"place":"Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Germanic adjective *leubaz","note":"Comparative Germanic evidence reconstructs the adjective ancestral to Dutch lief and cognate with Gothic liufs.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The form is reconstructed across daughter languages, not directly located in an artifact.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/196","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lief"},{"cursor":197,"id":197,"entryId":48,"entrySlug":"lief","stepOrder":3,"place":"Eastern Brabant","dateLabel":"1276–1300 Middle Dutch record","note":"The Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek cites heuet lief in Lutgart A and localizes the record to eastern Brabant.","dateStart":1276,"dateEnd":1300,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The interval dates the reported textual witness, not the origin of the adjective in speech.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/197","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lief"},{"cursor":198,"id":198,"entryId":48,"entrySlug":"lief","stepOrder":4,"place":"Present-day Dutch","dateLabel":"modern lief","note":"ANW documents the living adjective, its inflection, pronunciation, and substantivized use.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The current dictionary record supports living use but not one numeric onset or point location.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/198","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lief"},{"cursor":199,"id":199,"entryId":49,"entrySlug":"liufs","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European reconstruction","note":"The Gothic adjective ultimately reaches reconstructed *lewbʰ- through comparative evidence.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstruction is a linguistic relationship, not a directly located artifact.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/199","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liufs"},{"cursor":200,"id":200,"entryId":49,"entrySlug":"liufs","stepOrder":2,"place":"Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Germanic adjective *leubaz","note":"The East and West Germanic adjective reflexes support a shared reconstructed parent.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The comparative sources do not assign the lexical form one exact archaeological point.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/200","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liufs"},{"cursor":201,"id":201,"entryId":49,"entrySlug":"liufs","stepOrder":3,"place":"Gothic biblical translation tradition","dateLabel":"4th-century translation","note":"The Gothic gospel translation belongs to the fourth century, although the surviving Codex Argenteus was copied later.","dateStart":300,"dateEnd":399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The century dates the translation tradition described by Uppsala University, not the surviving manuscript object.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/201","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liufs"},{"cursor":202,"id":202,"entryId":49,"entrySlug":"liufs","stepOrder":4,"place":"Ravenna","dateLabel":"early-6th-century Codex Argenteus","note":"The manuscript preserving Mark 1:11 liuba was probably copied in Ravenna at the beginning of the sixth century.","dateStart":500,"dateEnd":525,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The range operationalizes the official early-sixth-century dating and remains approximate rather than a precise production date.","latitudeE6":44118100,"longitudeE6":12203000,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":1,"hasMapPoint":1,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/202","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/liufs"},{"cursor":203,"id":203,"entryId":50,"entrySlug":"lieb","stepOrder":1,"place":"Indo-European linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European reconstruction","note":"The German adjective ultimately reaches reconstructed *lewbʰ- through comparative evidence rather than one datable migration event.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The comparative root source does not establish one exact date or place.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/203","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lieb"},{"cursor":204,"id":204,"entryId":50,"entrySlug":"lieb","stepOrder":2,"place":"Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"Germanic adjective *leubaz","note":"Comparative Germanic evidence reconstructs the adjective ancestral to German lieb, Dutch lief, and Gothic liufs.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The form is reconstructed across daughter languages, not directly located in an artifact.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/204","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lieb"},{"cursor":205,"id":205,"entryId":50,"entrySlug":"lieb","stepOrder":3,"place":"Old High German textual world","dateLabel":"Old High German liob","note":"Duden reports the Old High German historical form without identifying one manuscript occurrence or localizable first use.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The language stage is explicit, but the reviewed source does not warrant a numeric witness date or single point.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/205","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lieb"},{"cursor":206,"id":206,"entryId":50,"entrySlug":"lieb","stepOrder":4,"place":"Middle High German textual continuum","dateLabel":"Middle High German liep","note":"The adjective continues as Middle High German liep before the modern German form.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexical sequence is explicit, but the headword source does not assign one numeric first-use interval.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/206","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lieb"},{"cursor":207,"id":207,"entryId":50,"entrySlug":"lieb","stepOrder":5,"place":"Present-day German","dateLabel":"modern lieb","note":"Duden records the living adjective and its contemporary dear, kind, beloved, and welcome uses.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Current standard-language use is documented without inventing one onset date or point coordinate.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/207","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/lieb"},{"cursor":208,"id":208,"entryId":51,"entrySlug":"emoji","stepOrder":1,"place":"Japan","dateLabel":"Modern Japanese source form","note":"Japanese 絵文字 supplies the lexical source and the internal picture-plus-character analysis.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed sources establish Japan and Japanese mobile-phone context but do not warrant one numeric word-coinage date here.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/208","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/emoji"},{"cursor":209,"id":209,"entryId":51,"entrySlug":"emoji","stepOrder":2,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1997 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1997.","dateStart":1997,"dateEnd":1997,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report, not a claim that no earlier token can exist.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/209","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/emoji"},{"cursor":210,"id":210,"entryId":52,"entrySlug":"sauna","stepOrder":1,"place":"Palaeo-Germanic linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"proposed prehistoric donor","note":"Kallio proposes a reconstructed Germanic pile or stack form as the ancient source; the geography remains broad and the analysis disputed.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Neither a directly attested donor object nor an exact borrowing date is claimed.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/210","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/sauna"},{"cursor":211,"id":211,"entryId":52,"entrySlug":"sauna","stepOrder":2,"place":"Proto-Finnic linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"reconstructed *sakna","note":"Comparative analysis reconstructs the Finnic form behind Finnish sauna and its close relatives.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The form is reconstructed rather than localized in one artifact.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/211","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/sauna"},{"cursor":212,"id":212,"entryId":52,"entrySlug":"sauna","stepOrder":3,"place":"Finland and the Finnic language area","dateLabel":"Finnish sauna","note":"Kotus documents the word in Finnish and several close Finnic languages with the same central sense.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed source does not supply one numeric first-use date for Finnish sauna.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/212","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/sauna"},{"cursor":213,"id":213,"entryId":52,"entrySlug":"sauna","stepOrder":4,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1881 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports the English borrowing by 1881.","dateStart":1881,"dateEnd":1881,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report, not an earliest surviving object inspected by SET-U.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/213","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/sauna"},{"cursor":214,"id":214,"entryId":53,"entrySlug":"ubuntu","stepOrder":1,"place":"Southern African Nguni-language region","dateLabel":"isiXhosa and isiZulu source forms","note":"The Dictionary of South African English identifies both isiXhosa and isiZulu as sources and defines the central humanity and goodness senses.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The lexical origin is regional; no single point or coinage date is asserted.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/214","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/ubuntu"},{"cursor":215,"id":215,"entryId":53,"entrySlug":"ubuntu","stepOrder":2,"place":"South African English","dateLabel":"1926 source-reported record","note":"The dictionary's earliest listed quotation comes from G. Callaway's Fellowship of Veld.","dateStart":1926,"dateEnd":1926,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The date is exact for the dictionary's reported quotation, while the underlying page remains uninspected in this tranche.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/215","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/ubuntu"},{"cursor":216,"id":216,"entryId":54,"entrySlug":"taboo","stepOrder":1,"place":"Proto-Oceanic linguistic horizon","dateLabel":"reconstructed *tampu","note":"POLLEX reconstructs the sacred or prohibited form at the Oceanic level.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reconstruction is comparative and is not localized to one artifact, settlement, or exact year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/216","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/taboo"},{"cursor":217,"id":217,"entryId":54,"entrySlug":"taboo","stepOrder":2,"place":"Tonga","dateLabel":"Tongan tabu or tapu","note":"The English route is traced to Tongan, where historical and modern forms carry prohibited and sacred senses.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed sources do not warrant one numeric first-use date for the Tongan form.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/217","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/taboo"},{"cursor":218,"id":218,"entryId":54,"entrySlug":"taboo","stepOrder":3,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1777 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1777.","dateStart":1777,"dateEnd":1777,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report, not proof that no earlier spoken or written token exists.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/218","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/taboo"},{"cursor":219,"id":219,"entryId":55,"entrySlug":"kayak","stepOrder":2,"place":"Inuit Arctic language region","dateLabel":"Inuit qayaq","note":"Merriam-Webster identifies an Inuit source but does not narrow the donor to one variety; Greenlandic qajaq is retained as related official evidence.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No one geographic point or borrowing date is asserted from the broad source label.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/219","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/kayak"},{"cursor":220,"id":220,"entryId":55,"entrySlug":"kayak","stepOrder":3,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1757 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1757.","dateStart":1757,"dateEnd":1757,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report, not proof that no earlier spoken or written token exists.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/220","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/kayak"},{"cursor":221,"id":221,"entryId":56,"entrySlug":"hammock","stepOrder":1,"place":"Taíno-speaking Caribbean","dateLabel":"Taíno hamaca","note":"The RAE identifies the Indigenous Caribbean source form.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No exact surviving witness date is asserted for the Taíno form.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/221","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hammock"},{"cursor":222,"id":222,"entryId":56,"entrySlug":"hammock","stepOrder":2,"place":"Spanish-speaking Atlantic world","dateLabel":"Spanish hamaca","note":"Spanish transmitted the Taíno word into the European lexical route that reached English.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed dictionaries establish the intermediary language but not one exact transfer date or port.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/222","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hammock"},{"cursor":223,"id":223,"entryId":56,"entrySlug":"hammock","stepOrder":3,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1626 suspended-bed record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports 1626 for the English suspended-bed sense.","dateStart":1626,"dateEnd":1626,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report for noun sense 1, not the distinct terrain homonym.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/223","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/hammock"},{"cursor":224,"id":224,"entryId":57,"entrySlug":"avocado","stepOrder":1,"place":"Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico","dateLabel":"Nahuatl āhuacatl","note":"The RAE and Merriam-Webster document the Nahuatl source with avocado and testicle senses.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No exact first-attestation year or single place is asserted from the dictionary entries.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/224","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/avocado"},{"cursor":225,"id":225,"entryId":57,"entrySlug":"avocado","stepOrder":2,"place":"Spanish-speaking Atlantic world","dateLabel":"Spanish aguacate","note":"Spanish adapted and transmitted the Nahuatl fruit word.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed dictionaries establish the intermediary but not one exact transfer date or port.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/225","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/avocado"},{"cursor":226,"id":226,"entryId":57,"entrySlug":"avocado","stepOrder":3,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1696 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1696.","dateStart":1696,"dateEnd":1696,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report, not proof that no earlier token exists.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/226","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/avocado"},{"cursor":227,"id":227,"entryId":58,"entrySlug":"boomerang","stepOrder":1,"place":"Sydney region, Australia","dateLabel":"early colonial Aboriginal borrowing","note":"ANU places the uncertain source in or just south of the Sydney region; Dharug and Dharawal candidates remain visible.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The exact source language, spelling, and transfer event remain unresolved.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/227","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/boomerang"},{"cursor":228,"id":228,"entryId":58,"entrySlug":"boomerang","stepOrder":2,"place":"International English","dateLabel":"1824 English record and later global spread","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English use by 1824; ANU documents later international and figurative development.","dateStart":1824,"dateEnd":1824,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The exact year is the lexicographic first-use report; international spread and figurative senses are later and not reduced to that year.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/228","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/boomerang"},{"cursor":229,"id":229,"entryId":59,"entrySlug":"mango","stepOrder":1,"place":"Malayalam-speaking southwestern India","dateLabel":"Malayalam māṅṅa","note":"The probable source form belongs to the Malayalam-speaking region of India.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No exact first-attestation year or single borrowing port is asserted.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/229","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mango"},{"cursor":230,"id":230,"entryId":59,"entrySlug":"mango","stepOrder":2,"place":"Portuguese Indian Ocean network","dateLabel":"Portuguese manga","note":"Portuguese carried the fruit word into the European lexical route.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The source establishes the intermediary language, not one exact voyage or port.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/230","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mango"},{"cursor":231,"id":231,"entryId":59,"entrySlug":"mango","stepOrder":3,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1582 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1582.","dateStart":1582,"dateEnd":1582,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report, not proof that no earlier token exists.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/231","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/mango"},{"cursor":232,"id":232,"entryId":60,"entrySlug":"jaguar","stepOrder":1,"place":"Tupi-speaking coastal Brazil","dateLabel":"Tupi jawára","note":"The Indigenous source form is documented in the Brazilian Tupi lexical field.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No exact first-attestation year or single community is asserted.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/232","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/jaguar"},{"cursor":233,"id":233,"entryId":60,"entrySlug":"jaguar","stepOrder":2,"place":"Portuguese Atlantic world","dateLabel":"Portuguese jaguar","note":"Portuguese transmitted the Tupi animal name into European languages.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The route is secure at the language level but not localized to one voyage.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/233","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/jaguar"},{"cursor":234,"id":234,"entryId":60,"entrySlug":"jaguar","stepOrder":3,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1604 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1604.","dateStart":1604,"dateEnd":1604,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/234","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/jaguar"},{"cursor":235,"id":235,"entryId":61,"entrySlug":"moose","stepOrder":1,"place":"Eastern Algonquian language region","dateLabel":"mos or moos","note":"The reviewed evidence supports an Eastern Algonquian source region while leaving the donor variety unresolved.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Related Massachusett and Eastern Abenaki forms do not uniquely identify one borrowing event.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/235","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/moose"},{"cursor":236,"id":236,"entryId":61,"entrySlug":"moose","stepOrder":2,"place":"English North America","dateLabel":"1603 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1603.","dateStart":1603,"dateEnd":1603,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/236","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/moose"},{"cursor":237,"id":237,"entryId":62,"entrySlug":"bayou","stepOrder":1,"place":"Choctaw-speaking Southeast","dateLabel":"proposed early Choctaw *bayok","note":"The ultimate Indigenous source is plausible but reconstructed and disputed.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"Modern bók is attested; early *bayok and its relationship to the French form remain uncertain.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/237","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/bayou"},{"cursor":238,"id":238,"entryId":62,"entrySlug":"bayou","stepOrder":2,"place":"French colonial Louisiana","dateLabel":"1723 bayouque record","note":"Merriam-Webster quotes the 1723 Louisiana French record by Pénicaut.","dateStart":1723,"dateEnd":1723,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The historical quotation is source-reported here rather than directly inspected as a manuscript object.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"regional","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/238","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/bayou"},{"cursor":239,"id":239,"entryId":62,"entrySlug":"bayou","stepOrder":3,"place":"English-speaking Louisiana and beyond","dateLabel":"1763 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1763.","dateStart":1763,"dateEnd":1763,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/239","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/bayou"},{"cursor":240,"id":240,"entryId":63,"entrySlug":"yogurt","stepOrder":1,"place":"Turkish-speaking world","dateLabel":"Turkish yoğurt","note":"The immediate English source is the attested Turkish food word.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No exact transfer place or first Turkish witness is asserted from the reviewed dictionary entry.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/240","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/yogurt"},{"cursor":241,"id":241,"entryId":63,"entrySlug":"yogurt","stepOrder":2,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1625 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1625.","dateStart":1625,"dateEnd":1625,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report, not the invention date of the food.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/241","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/yogurt"},{"cursor":242,"id":242,"entryId":64,"entrySlug":"shaman","stepOrder":1,"place":"Evenki-speaking Siberia","dateLabel":"Evenki šamān","note":"Merriam-Webster identifies the Evenki term as the ultimate source.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No exact first Evenki witness or one point location is asserted.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/242","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/shaman"},{"cursor":243,"id":243,"entryId":64,"entrySlug":"shaman","stepOrder":2,"place":"Russian and German scholarly contact zones","dateLabel":"European transmission around 1700","note":"Znamenski documents the Siberian term’s movement through European observation and scholarship.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed sources do not warrant one fully resolved chain of every intermediate spelling.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/243","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/shaman"},{"cursor":244,"id":244,"entryId":64,"entrySlug":"shaman","stepOrder":3,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1698 English record and later generalization","note":"English adopted the term and later extended it far beyond its Evenki setting.","dateStart":1698,"dateEnd":1698,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The exact year is the lexicographic first-use report; global semantic expansion is later.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/244","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/shaman"},{"cursor":245,"id":245,"entryId":65,"entrySlug":"kimchi","stepOrder":1,"place":"Korean-speaking world","dateLabel":"Korean 김치","note":"The living Korean word names the fermented food category.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No first Korean token or single transfer location is claimed.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/245","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/kimchi"},{"cursor":246,"id":246,"entryId":65,"entrySlug":"kimchi","stepOrder":2,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1888 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1888.","dateStart":1888,"dateEnd":1888,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/246","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/kimchi"},{"cursor":247,"id":247,"entryId":66,"entrySlug":"llama","stepOrder":1,"place":"Quechua-speaking Andes","dateLabel":"Quechua llama","note":"Institutional vocabulary directly documents the Quechua animal word.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed etymologies do not select a single donor community or transfer date.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/247","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/llama"},{"cursor":248,"id":248,"entryId":66,"entrySlug":"llama","stepOrder":2,"place":"Spanish-speaking Americas","dateLabel":"Spanish llama","note":"Spanish carried the Quechua animal word into European-language circulation.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"No one transfer event is asserted.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/248","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/llama"},{"cursor":249,"id":249,"entryId":66,"entrySlug":"llama","stepOrder":3,"place":"Global English","dateLabel":"1600 English record","note":"Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1600.","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":1600,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"The year is a lexicographic first-use report.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"global","hasTemporalBounds":1,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/249","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/llama"},{"cursor":250,"id":250,"entryId":67,"entrySlug":"alpaca","stepOrder":1,"place":"Aymara-speaking Andes","dateLabel":"Aymara allphaqa","note":"Institutional vocabulary directly documents the Aymara animal word.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"unresolved","temporalNote":"The reviewed etymologies do not select a single donor community or transfer date.","latitudeE6":null,"longitudeE6":null,"geographicConfidence":"broad","hasTemporalBounds":0,"hasCoordinates":0,"hasMapPoint":0,"citationCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/250","dossierCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/word/alpaca"}]}